基于声波远探测技术裸眼老井地下定位研究与验证

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.018

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 1112-1120.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.06.018

基于声波远探测技术裸眼老井地下定位研究与验证

车阳¹^,²(), 董京楠³, 陈春宇⁴, 方明星⁵, 谭茂金⁶, 唐魏泓⁶

1.中国石油工程技术研究院有限公司，北京 102206
2.油气钻完井技术国家工程研究中心，北京 102206
3.中国石油国家卓越工程师学院，北京 100096
4.中国石油长庆油田公司，陕西西安 710000
5.中国石油塔里木油田公司，新疆库尔勒 841000
6.中国地质大学（北京），北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-09-13 发布日期:2025-10-24 出版日期:2025-12-26
作者简介:车阳（1993—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事复杂井钻井和储气库封井技术研究工作。地址：北京市昌平区黄河街5号院1号楼A829，邮政编码：102206。E-mail： cheyangdri@cnpc.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油科技项目“井眼轨道智能导钻技术与仪器研发”(2023ZZ0602);中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目“裸眼井声波探测定位方法研究”(2021DQ03-05)

Research and validation of underground positioning for open-hole old wells using acoustic remote detection technology

CHE Yang¹^,²(), DONG Jingnan³, CHEN Chunyu⁴, FANG Mingxing⁵, TAN Maojin⁶, TANG Weihong⁶

1. CNPC Engineering Technology R&D Company Limited, Beijing 102206, China
2. National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Beijing 102206, China
3. CNPC National Elite Institute of Engineering, Beijing 100096, China
4. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000, China
5. PetroChina Tarim Oilfield, Korla, Xinjiang 841000, China
6. China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-09-13 Online:2025-10-24 Published:2025-12-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

枯竭油气藏改建为储气库的过程中，识别并封堵复杂老井是至关重要的步骤。对于含有铁磁性管柱的老井，通常采用磁探测技术进行定位；而对于无铁磁性信标的裸眼老井，地下定位则依赖于欠精确的井史资料，易产生较大误差。声波远探测技术通过分析声波反射特征，可实现对井旁异常地质体的探测与识别，理论上具备对裸眼老井精确定位的能力。采用空间四阶时间二阶的时域交错网格有限差分法（FDTD）求解弹性波动方程，从声场特征、裸眼井反射成像特征、声波远探测数据处理与定位3个方面系统地分析了该技术在裸眼井探测和地下定位中的可行性。首先，采用空间四阶时间二阶的时域交错网格有限差分法求解弹性波动方程，模拟不同地质条件下声波在井旁传播的行为；随后，基于实际工况下的声波反射特征，结合数值模拟结果，分析了裸眼井反射成像特征；最后，通过对实测数据进行处理，验证了声波远探测技术在实际应用中的探测范围和精度。实验结果表明，声波远探测技术不受外界因素影响，能准确定位地下3 000 m深度的裸眼老井在地层中的空间位置，探测范围可达4~16 m，定位误差小于0.5 m，适用于复杂地质条件下的废弃井定位。研究表明，声波远探测技术不仅突破了传统定位方法的局限性，还显著提升了裸眼老井的定位精度，为枯竭油气藏改建天然气储库提供了关键技术支撑。该技术的应用不仅提高了废弃井安全封堵的效率，还降低了地下定位误差引发的风险。后续研究将进一步优化算法，拓展探测范围，提升地下定位精度，以满足更广泛的工程需求。

关键词: 声波远探测, 裸眼老井, 数值模拟, 磁探测技术, 地下定位

Abstract:

In the process of converting depleted oil and gas reservoirs into gas storage facilities, identifying and sealing complex old wells is a crucial step. For old wells with ferromagnetic casings, magnetic detection technology is typically employed for localization. However, for open-hole old wells without ferromagnetic beacons, underground positioning relies on inaccurate historical well data, often leading to significant errors. Acoustic remote detection technology, which analyzes acoustic reflection characteristics, theoretically enables the precise positioning of open-hole old wells by detecting and identifying anomalous geological bodies near the borehole. This study systematically investigated the feasibility of this technology for detecting open-hole old wells and their underground positioning from three aspects: acoustic field characteristics, reflection imaging features of an open-hole old well, and data processing and localization for acoustic remote detection. First, a staggered-grid finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) scheme with fourth-order spatial and second-order temporal accuracy was employed to solve the elastic wave equation, simulating acoustic wave propagation around the borehole under various geological conditions. Subsequently, based on acoustic reflection characteristics under actual working conditions and combined with numerical simulation results, the reflection imaging features of the open-hole old well were analyzed. Finally, by processing field data, the detection range and accuracy of the acoustic remote detection technology in practical applications were validated. Experimental results indicated that the acoustic remote detection technology was unaffected by external factors and could effectively determine the spatial position of open-hole old wells at depths up to 3 000 m. The detection range was 4 to 16 m, with a positioning error of less than 0.5 m, indicating its suitability for locating abandoned wells under complex geological conditions. This study demonstrates that acoustic remote detection technology not only overcomes the limitations of traditional positioning methods but also significantly improves the positioning accuracy of open-hole old wells, providing key technical support for the conversion of depleted oil and gas reservoirs into natural gas storage facilities. The application of this technology enhances the safety and efficiency of abandoned well sealing and reduces risks associated with positioning errors. Future research will focus on further optimizing the algorithm, expanding the detection range, and improving positioning accuracy to meet broader engineering requirements.

Key words: acoustic remote detection, open-hole old well, numerical simulation, magnetic detection technology, underground positioning

中图分类号:

TE281

车阳,董京楠,陈春宇, 等. 基于声波远探测技术裸眼老井地下定位研究与验证[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(6): 1112-1120.

CHE Yang,DONG Jingnan,CHEN Chunyu, et al. Research and validation of underground positioning for open-hole old wells using acoustic remote detection technology[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(6): 1112-1120.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

表2

裸眼井地下定位结果"

模型a					模型b
预设值		测试值			预设值		测试值
$s$ /m	θ/（°）	$s$ /m	θ₁/（°）	θ₂/（°）	$s$ /m	θ/（°）	$s$ /m	θ₁/（°）	θ₂/（°）
4.000 0	270	4.347 4	90	270	8.000 0	270	8.051 6	90	270

表2

图11

表3

参考文献 19

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填充物	纵波速度/（m/s）	横波速度/（m/s）	密度/ （kg/m³）
井孔流体	1 450		1 000
砂岩地层	3 500	1 850	2 600
泥岩地层	2 300	1 250	2 200
空段	340		1
松散泥土	1 200		880

深度/m	s/m	θ₁/（°）	θ₂/（°）
3 165	4.96	49	229
	5.94	49	229
	5.28	69	249
3 175	5.13	39	219
	5.13	49	229
	4.86	59	239
	4.87	79	259
	5.30	89	269

基于声波远探测技术裸眼老井地下定位研究与验证

Research and validation of underground positioning for open-hole old wells using acoustic remote detection technology

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