深层煤岩气水平井压裂关键技术——以准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.04.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系煤层具有弹性模量低、泊松比高以及硬度低的特性，直井水力压裂过程中存在加砂困难和产气量低等问题。为此，确定了“验证+探索”的技术路线，现场验证簇间是否干扰，探索不同压裂液的增产效果。研究结果表明：①通过直井现场试验表明，优先选择煤层作为水平井钻进的目标层，可以获得更好的开发效果；②簇间距、排量、黏度、支撑剂粒径与加砂规模是解决加砂困难和改造体积的重要参数，建议采用大排量、高黏度和组合加砂的压裂工艺；③经现场应用，冻胶压裂液造长缝和水平井细分切割体积改造是实现准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系深层煤岩气效益增产的有效工艺措施，并取得了显著效果。研究的成功为深层煤岩气的勘探和开发提供了技术上的突破和支持，对准噶尔盆地煤岩气资源开发具有重要意义。

关键词: 准噶尔盆地, 白家海地区, 深层煤岩气, 水力压裂, 水平井

Abstract:

The Jurassic coal seam in the Baijiahai area of the Junggar Basin is characterized by a low elastic modulus, high Poisson's ratio, and low hardness, presenting challenges in vertical well hydraulic fracturing such as difficulty in sanding and low gas production. To address these issues, a technical approach of “verification + exploration” was implemented. This involved on-site verification of cluster interference and exploration of the effects of different fracturing fluids on increasing production. Key findings from this approach include: ① Field Tests on Vertical Wells: It was observed that targeting coal seams as the preferred layer for horizontal well drilling could yield better development outcomes. ② Optimization of Fracturing Parameters: Important parameters that affect sanding difficulties and stimulation volume include cluster spacing, displacement, viscosity, proppant particle size, and sanding scale. A fracturing technology combining large displacement, high viscosity, and extensive sanding is recommended. ③ Field Application of Fracturing Fluids: The use of gel fracturing fluids for long fractures and the subdivision cutting volume transformation in horizontal wells have proven to be effective techniques. These processes have significantly enhanced the production benefits of deep Jurassic coal-rock gas in the Baijiahai area, achieving remarkable results. The success of this study provides a technical breakthrough and support for the exploration and development of deep coal-rock gas, holding significant implications for the development of coal-rock gas resources in the Junggar Basin.

Key words: Junggar Basin, Baijiahai area, deep coal-rock gas, hydraulic fracturing, horizontal well

中图分类号:

TE37

李雪彬,金力新,陈超峰等. 深层煤岩气水平井压裂关键技术——以准噶尔盆地白家海地区侏罗系为例[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2024, 14(4): 629-637.

Xuebin LI,Lixin JIN,Chaofeng CHEN, et al. Key technologies of horizontal well fracturing for deep coal-rock gas: A case study of Jurassic in Baijiahai area, Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(4): 629-637.

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井名	井段/ m	射孔位置	压裂液类型	施工排量/ （m³/min）	压裂液量/m³	加砂量/ m³	施工压力/ MPa	停泵压力/ MPa	日产气/ m³
C3154井	2 422~2 434	夹矸层	胍胶	3~4	551.7	40.0	36~50	22.0	0
C3163井	2 431~2 435	下煤岩层	胍胶	3~4	387.2	23.2	20~58	41.2	800

井号	井段/m	煤层厚度/m	压裂工艺	压裂液类型	压裂液量/m³	设计加砂量/m³	现场加砂量/m³	施工排量/ m³/min	日产气/ m³	试产时间/d	压裂时间	备注
彩504井	2 567~2 583	16	油管压裂	胍胶液	171.4	30	14.5	3.5	7 200~2 100	120	2005年	施工压力爬升，未完成加砂
彩512井	2 614~2 619	5	套管压裂	活性水+ 清洁压裂液	551.0	35	35.0	8.0~10.0	1 540~0	18	2013年	产气10 d后停喷
彩514井	2 516~2 521	5	油管压裂	胍胶液	440.0	40	40.0	4.0~5.5	2 300~2 080	78	2018年	施工压力爬升，完成加砂
C3163井	2 431~2 435	4	油管压裂	胍胶液	387.2	40	23.2	2.0~4.0	800	17	2020年	施工压力爬升，未完成加砂