彭水区块常压页岩气高效排采技术研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2020.01.010

Abstract

Abstract:

The shale gas reservoirs in Pengshui Block belong to the normal pressure system, where the spontaneous production fails after hydraulic fracturing. This is due to the relative low energy and productivity of the reservoirs, hence it is necessary to deploy the artificial lift for the production wells to drainage the water throughout the whole production stage. As the drainage methods are hardly suitable for the various flowback volume in different mining stages, the water drainage efficiency is low. In order to determine the efficient drainage strategies for Pengshui Block, several drainage processes, including electric potential pump+gas lift, concentric tube（small diameter tube） drainage, self-sufficient gas lift and transmission gas lift, are comprehensively evaluated and optimized at the point of economic and technical stage according to the drainage characteristics of the block. The drainage efficiency of gas lift forms a set of drainage technology suitable for shale gas with normal pressure in Pengshui Block. The flowback efficiency of gas lift is up to 72 % in field application. It provides a significant guideline for improving the development of shale gas reservoir in Pengshui.

Key words: Pengshui Block, shale gas with normal pressure, water drainage, method optimization, high-efficient development

CLC Number:

TE377

DUAN Chenglian,WEI Fengling,WEI Ruiling,LIU Fang,LIU Jing,WU Xiaoding. High-efficient drainage technology of shale gas reservoirs with normal pressure in Pengshui Block[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2020, 10(1): 64-70.

Figures/Tables 18

Table 1

Fig. 1

Table 2

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 3

Problems analysis of jet pump"

存在问题	原因分析
前期投放泵芯不成功	小油管与泵筒连接部位弹性变形过大,喉管规格偏小
产液量低,井底积液无法排除	1.选用的 $?$ 73 mm 油管规格小,整个沿程摩阻较大;
	2.排液过程中含有较多气体,严重影响射流泵排液能力;
	3.柱塞泵的额定压力 25 MPa,实际已达到 23 MPa
地面安全风险	1.高压管汇埋地深度浅; 2.井口抖动

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Table 6

Technology and economic adaptability comparison of optimal drainage and existing drainage"

阶段	特征	排采工艺	技术对比	经济	管理	应用状况
初期	液量高气量高	电潜泵	1.地层出泥沙严重,经常导致过载停机; 2.排液周期长	中	一般	应用
		电潜泵+气举	1.可实现大液量的高效、快速返排,降低排液周期; 2.适合大型水力压裂气井	高	复杂	无
		外输气气举	1.工艺简单; 2.适用于有管网、外输压力8 MPa的气井; 3.既可做投产诱喷、也可做气井日常维护	低	简单	无
	液量低气量高	套管采气	1.工艺简单; 2.适用于投产初期、低液量、高压高产气井	低	简单	应用
稳定期	液量由高到低、气量稳定	连续油管	1.带压作业,对储层无污染; 2.管径小,携液气量有限,适用于低压、低产、低液量气井	中	简单	应用
		电潜泵	1.地层出泥沙严重,经常导致过载停机; 2.地层供液不足时经常欠载停机,选取国内最小泵型,仍不能满足排采需求	高	简单	应用
		外输气气举	1.工艺简单; 2.适用于有管网、外输压力8 MPa的气井; 3.既可做投产诱喷、也可做低产井日常维护	低	简单	无
		电潜泵+气举	通过参数优化,能够适应不同液量排液需求	最高	复杂	无
自喷期	液量低气量稳定	气举诱喷	1.需更换成气举管柱; 2.地层能量衰竭时,自喷不连续	低	简单	应用
		电潜泵+气举	机动灵活。有自喷能量时,采用间歇气举诱喷排液;地层能量衰竭时,采用连续气举排液	高	复杂	无
		外输气气举	1.工艺简单; 2.适用于有管网、外输压力8 MPa的气井; 3.做产量波动时的日常维护	低	简单	无
		自产气压缩机气举	适用于具有一定产气量、低产液量井	中	简单	试验
递减期	液量低气量低	电潜泵+气举	可适应于低液量、低气量的连续气举	高	复杂	无
		自产气压缩机气举	适应有一定产气量、低产液量的气井	中	简单	应用
		外输气气举	1.适用于有管网、外输压力8 MPa的气井; 2.低产井日常维护	最低	简单	无
		同心管（小直径管）	1.在原管柱上加入小直径管,无需作业,降低作业伤害; 2.能够满足低液量、低产量排采需求,延长生产期	低	简单	无

Table 6

Table 7

Table 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

References 15

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PY1		PY 2		PY 3		PY 4
正常生产/ d	压力系数	正常生产/d	压力系数	正常生产/d	压力系数	正常生产/d	压力系数
1	0.96	1	0.924	1	1.05	1	0.964
79	0.671	148	0.574	502	0.64	141	0.630
240	0.574					316	0.512
325	0.521					424	0.419
390	0.462
550	0.389

开发阶段	排液参数	直径/mm	最小排量/（m³·d^-1）	最大排量/（m³·d^-1）	泵速/Hz	级数
初期	泵型：Reda DN800液量：50~150 m³/d	101.6	71.5	152.6	60	22
中期	泵型：Reda DN440液量：20~50 m³/d	101.6	15.89	87.4	60	22
末期	泵型：TD150、DN280、DN440 液量：≤10 m³/d	泵型排量均在10 m³/d以上,目前市场上已有的泵型无法满足排液需求

井底流压/MPa	不同管径管柱的最小携液气量/（10⁴ m³·d^-1）
井底流压/MPa	32 mm	38 mm	121.36 mm
15	0.650 7	0.917 5	12.400 7
14	0.629 8	0.888 0	12.002 2
13	0.607 9	0.857 3	11.586 7
12	0.585 2	0.825 2	11.152 3
11	0.561 2	0.791 4	10.696 7
10	0.536 1	0.756 0	10.217 1
9	0.509 5	0.718 4	9.709 9
8	0.481 2	0.678 5	9.170 7
7	0.450 9	0.635 8	8.593 4
6	0.418 2	0.589 7	7.969 7
5	0.382 4	0.539 2	7.287 8

工区排采条件	排采方式		适应性分析	结论
井深：3 446~4 190 m; 井斜角大：80°~86.5°; 井况复杂：排采后期返排泥质、粉砂、固相颗粒等; 排量范围大：压后返排和后续排采液量范围5~200 m³/d	有杆抽油泵		1.需增加动力设备及二抽设备投资; 2.排液效率受供液能力、气液比、泵深等影响较大,排液效率低	不适宜
	超声旋流雾化排液		定向井使用受限	不适宜
	水力射流泵		1.需要建立高压动力站与管线,投资成本高; 2.举升效率低,且气液比太大时不适宜	不适宜
	优选管柱		1.根据不同开采阶段要求更换管柱,能够稳定携液; 2.动管柱更换需进行压井作业,对气层伤害比较大	适宜
	气举排液	气举阀气举	1.完井时直接采用气举管柱,工艺简单; 2.管理费用低,操作简单,成本低; 3.受地理环境限制,建设地面增压站不适宜	适宜（可采用邻井气气举或气井自产气增压气举）
	气举排液	柱塞气举	1.适宜范围小,井况要求高; 2.斜井和定向井受限	不适宜
	泡排		1.需持续分析产出水,优选合适的泡排剂; 2.增加了人工投入	适宜
	电潜泵		1.需增加电力设备、潜油电泵、电泵电缆等的投资; 2.排液效率受供液能力、气液比、泵深等的影响较大	适宜

开发阶段	产量/（10⁴ m³·d^-1）	管径/mm	排采工艺
投产初期	>1.0	62	电潜泵+气举、外输气气举、自产气压缩机气举
稳定期	0.5~1.0	62（采用高效排采工艺能够满足产量和携液要求）	电潜泵+气举、外输气气举、自产气压缩机气举
递减期	<0.5	≤45	同心管

High-efficient drainage technology of shale gas reservoirs with normal pressure in Pengshui Block

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References 15

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级数	孔径/mm	下入深度/m	气举阀打开压力/MPa
1	4.7	728	7.7
2	4.7	1 368	7.64
3	4.7	1 860	7.59
4	4.7	2 251	7.56