东海低渗气藏开发实践与思考

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陆上低渗气藏开发已较为成熟，北美依靠水平井、水力压裂和微地震监测等技术实现高效开发，中国鄂尔多斯和四川盆地则通过引进再创新形成适合地质条件的技术体系，但单井可采储量普遍较低。相比之下，海上低渗气藏开发面临投资高、平台空间有限、钻井约束多、环保要求严等挑战，进展相对滞后。海上非常规资源尤其是低渗和特低渗天然气逐渐成为接替常规资源的重要领域。东海西湖凹陷低渗气藏资源量占总资源量的三分之二以上，具有埋藏深、非均质性强、孔渗条件差等特点，开发难度大，经济性要求高。东海西湖凹陷自2006年启动低渗气藏开发以来，经过近20 a的探索，东海低渗气藏开发取得突破性进展：通过两个阶段的探索实践，逐渐形成以“甜点预测+高效井型+储层保护”为核心的开发模式，探索出适应东海西湖凹陷低渗气藏开发配套技术和推进难动用资源转化为效益产量的核心动能。但是，东海低渗气藏规模性开发仍面临着深化理论认识、突破关键技术、实现效益开发3大关键科学技术问题。针对这些问题，需要加强的科技攻关包括：①加强基础研究，深化理论认识，建立高成功率的地质气藏评价选区与评价技术体系；②突破关键技术，形成适应性更强的海域低渗气田开发技术和装备体系；③提升开发效益，形成海域低渗气藏低成本高效开发海工—钻井—采气—输送一体化技术管理模式。

关键词: 东海, 西湖凹陷, 低渗气藏, 开发实践, 海上油气, 水力压裂

Abstract:

The development of onshore low-permeability gas reservoirs has become relatively mature. In North America, efficient development has been achieved through technologies such as horizontal wells, hydraulic fracturing, and microseismic monitoring. In the Ordos Basin and Sichuan Basin in China, adaptive technical systems suitable for local geological conditions have been established through the introduction and re-innovation of technologies. However, the recoverable reserves per well generally remain low. In contrast, the development of offshore low-permeability gas reservoirs faces challenges such as high investment, limited platform space, multiple drilling constraints, and strict environmental requirements, leading to relatively slow progress. Offshore unconventional resources, especially low- and ultra-low-permeability natural gas, are gradually becoming important alternatives to conventional resources. In the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea, low-permeability gas reservoirs account for more than two thirds of the total resources. They are characterized by great burial depth, strong heterogeneity, and poor porosity and permeability conditions, making development challenging and requiring high economic efficiency. Since the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea began in 2006, significant breakthroughs have been made in the development of low-permeability gas reservoirs in the East China Sea over nearly 20 years of exploration. Through two stages of exploratory practice, a development model with "sweet spot prediction + efficient well types + reservoir protection" as the core has gradually been developed. A technical system tailored to the characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in the Xihu Sag has been established, and the core driving force for transforming difficult-to-produce resources into economically viable production has been revealed. However, the large-scale development of these reservoirs in the East China Sea still faces three major scientific and technological challenges: deepening theoretical understanding, overcoming key technical barriers, and achieving cost-effective and efficient development. To address these issues, future research and development efforts should focus on the following three aspects: (1) strengthening fundamental research to deepen theoretical understanding and establish a high-success-rate system for geological reservoir evaluation and selection; (2) overcoming key technical barriers by developing more adaptable technologies and equipment systems for the development of low-permeability gas fields in offshore areas; and (3) improving development efficiency through establishing an integrated technical and management model that supports low-cost and efficient development of offshore low-permeability gas reservoirs, encompassing offshore engineering, drilling, gas production, transportation.

Key words: East China Sea, Xihu Sag, low-permeability gas reservoirs, development practices, offshore oil and gas, hydraulic fracturing

中图分类号:

TE53

李久娣,田彬,李基伟, 等. 东海低渗气藏开发实践与思考[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2025, 15(5): 734-739.

LI Jiudi,TIAN Bin,LI Jiwei, et al. Practices and insights of low-permeability gas reservoir development in East China Sea[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 734-739.

图/表 4

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