中深层油藏CCUS示范工程开发关键技术研究与实践

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

CCUS（碳捕集、利用与封存）技术可实现提高采收率增油创效和减碳封碳绿色发展的战略目的，在技术迅速发展的同时也出现了部分问题和难点，制约了技术的推广应用。该研究依托中国首个百万吨级CCUS示范项目，针对油藏开发矛盾和技术难点，将理论研究、室内实验与矿场实践结合，基于混相驱的理论指导油藏开发和矿场问题剖析，以此进一步完善开发理论和技术思路，总结提炼了中深层低渗透油藏高压混相驱的关键技术及其理论内涵。示范工程贯彻“CO₂全程高压混相驱”的理念，采取“连续注入保混相、油水联动建驱替、注采协同扩波及”的方式提能量、扩波及，形成了差异补能高压混相、均衡驱替、三相前缘调控、气驱监测、高效封存等关键技术，油藏开发认识和CO₂驱油关键技术逐步提升完善，支撑示范工程油藏开发取得良好效果。示范区立足探索新技术、破解技术难题、提升CO₂驱油理论认识，开展百万吨级CCUS矿场试验，13个单元中10个开发单元已达到混相，CO₂气驱见效率79.3%，井组气窜率控制在7.1%，单井产油量由1.8 t/d上升至3.2 t/d，气油比控制在300 m³/m³以内，气驱换油率逐步提升至0.21 t/t（每吨CO₂注入油藏后可换得的原油量），并呈逐步提升趋势，回注气阶段封存率达到97.1%，示范区CO₂高效驱替的理论认识和技术实践对同类低渗透油藏混相驱具有较大的指导和借鉴意义，对CCUS技术进步和扩大应用做了有效的探索。

关键词: CCUS（碳捕集、利用与封存）, 高压混相, 低渗透油藏, 油藏工程, CO₂封存

Abstract:

The carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology can achieve the strategic goals of enhanced oil recovery for economic benefits and carbon reduction and storage for green development. However, while the technology has developed rapidly, certain problems and technical challenges have emerged, limiting its widespread application. Based on the first million-ton CCUS demonstration project in China, this study addressed reservoir development conflicts and technical challenges by integrating theoretical research, laboratory experiments, and field practices. Guided by miscible flooding theory, reservoir development and field issues were analyzed to further refine the development theories and technical approaches. Additionally, this study summarized and extracted the key technologies and their theoretical connotations of high-pressure miscible flooding in medium-deep low-permeability reservoirs. The demonstration project implemented the concept of “full-process high-pressure miscible CO₂ flooding”, and adopted strategies of “continuous injection to maintain miscibility, integrated oil-water synergy to establish displacement, and injection-production synergy to expand sweep efficiency” to boost reservoir energy and expand sweep volume. These approaches developed key technologies, including differential energy supplementation for high-pressure miscible flooding, balanced displacement, three-phase front control, gas flooding monitoring, high-efficiency storage. The understanding of reservoir development and key technologies of CO₂ flooding were gradually improved, supporting the demonstration project in achieving favorable outcomes of reservoir development. Focusing on exploring new technologies, solving technical challenges, and improving the theoretical understanding of CO₂ flooding, million-ton CCUS field experiments were conducted in the demonstration zone. Among the 13 units, 10 development units achieved miscibility, with a CO₂ gas flooding sweep efficiency of 79.3%. The inter-well group gas channeling rate was controlled at 7.1%, and single-well oil production increased from 1.8 t/d to 3.2 t/d. The gas-oil ratio was controlled within 300 m³/d, and the gas flooding efficiency gradually increased to 0.21 t/tCO₂ (the amount of crude oil obtained per ton of CO₂ injected into the reservoir), showing a continuous upward trend. During the gas reinjection phase, the storage rate reached 97.1%. The theoretical understanding and technical practice of efficient CO₂ flooding in the demonstration zone provide significant guidance and reference for the miscible flooding of similar low-permeability reservoirs, effectively exploring advancement and broader application of CCUS technology.

Key words: CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage), high-pressure miscible flooding, low-permeability reservoir, reservoir engineering, CO₂ storage

中图分类号:

TE341

毛振强,樊超,刘赛军, 等. 中深层油藏CCUS示范工程开发关键技术研究与实践[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(1): 118-127.

MAO Zhenqiang,FAN Chao,LIU Saijun, et al. Research and application of key technologies for development of CCUS demonstration project in medium-deep reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(1): 118-127.

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类别	油藏埋深/m	地层温度/℃	地层原油黏度/（mPa·s）	渗透率/10^-3 μm²	孔隙度/%	原始地层压力/MPa	压力系数	混相压力/MPa	驱替方式	注入方式	CO₂体积分数/%	监测介质	提高采收率/%	一次封存率/%	注气规模/（10⁴t/a）
国外技术情况（韦本油田）	1 450	63	1.40	25.00	18.0	14.0	0.96	12.0	非混相驱	油管笼统注气	80	油井端气窜监测	7	55.0	100
国内技术情况（吉林油田）	2 400	98	1.85	6.37	12.8	24.5	0.98	22.8	非混相驱	油管笼统注气	90	CO₂泄露监测	10	78.6	35
胜利百万吨CCUS	2 800~3 350	126	1.59	0.50~10.00	12.5	39.2~46.0	1.40	>29.0	高压混相驱	水气交替	99	土壤、大气、地下水环境介质监测	15	85.0	100

开发特点	主要补能措施	实施目标	优点
坝砂未达混相	持续水驱增能	超前补能，注水提压达近混相	成本低
滩砂低能量	压驱快速补能	注入难度大井区，压驱快速提能达混相	压力提升快
已达混相区	持续气驱提效率	持续注气，提驱替效率、控含水	提产、高产
高CO₂井区	水气交替扩波及	地层压力高井区，优化交替参数保混相	稳产、提产

影响因素	平方和	自由度	均方差	F	P_ci
总体指标	R²=0.99，P_ci<0.05
井网形式	0	3	0	0.247	0.861
井距大小	0	3	0	0.537	0.674
裂缝方向	0	3	0	1.126	0.410
渗透率	0.985	3	0.328	113 022.127	0
地层压力	0.006	3	0.002	739.124	0
注气速度	0.049	3	0.016	5 584.740	0
残差	0	6	0