不同粒径组合支撑剂在裂缝中运移规律模拟

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究支撑剂在裂缝中的运移规律对于指导压裂设计和压裂评价具有重要意义,目前对于支撑剂运移规律的研究主要集中在排量、支撑剂类型、压裂液黏度等问题上,而在不同支撑剂组合对于支撑剂运移规律的影响方面的研究则较少。设计了不同支撑剂组合对支撑剂运移规律影响的实验方案,采用自主设计的可视化平行板装置进行支撑剂运移实验研究。结果显示,粒径较小的支撑剂在裂缝中的铺置更均匀,而大粒径的支撑剂更容易在入口处沉降;不同比例的中等粒径与大粒径的支撑剂组合时,其形成的砂堤平衡高度之间差异较小,而砂堤高度的非均匀性差异却较大,此时大量支撑剂沉降在裂缝入口端,裂缝深部支撑剂充填量较小,未能形成足够长、有导流能力的有效充填裂缝;而不同比例的中等粒径与小粒径组合时,支撑剂能获得比中等粒径与大粒径的支撑剂组合更远的铺置距离,且形成的砂堤高度较为理想,不同比例之间砂堤高度的非均匀性差异也更大。

关键词: 压裂, 支撑剂, 运移规律, 粒径组合, 可视化模拟

Abstract:

The study of proppant transport in fractures is of great significance for guiding fracturing design and evaluation. The current researches of proppant placement rules mainly focus on displacement, proppant type, fracturing fluid viscosity, etc. However, there are few studies on the effects of different proppant combinations on proppant transport rules. In this paper, the experimental schemes of the influence of different proppant combinations on proppant transport rules are designed. Then the self-designed visual parallel plate device is used to carry out these experiments. The results show that the distribution of the proppant with smaller particle size is more evenly in the fractures, but the proppant with larger particle size is easier to settle at the wellhead. When medium particle size and large particle size proppant are combined in different proportions, there are small differences in the equilibrium heights of the formed sand bank, but the differences between the non-uniformity of the sand bank height are large. Meanwhile, a large amount of proppant settles at the entrance end of the crack. The proppant filling amount in the deep crack is small, and the effective filling crack with sufficient length and diversion capacity is failure to be formed. When the medium and small particle sizes are combined in different proportions, the proppant can obtain a farther distance than that of the combination of medium particle size and large particle size. The height of the formed sandbank is ideal, and the difference in the non-uniformity of the height of the sand bank between different proportions is also greater.

Key words: hydraulic fracturing, proppant, transport rule, particle size combination, visual simulation

中图分类号:

TE357.12

张矿生,张同伍,吴顺林等. 不同粒径组合支撑剂在裂缝中运移规律模拟[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2019, 9(6): 72-77.

Kuangsheng ZHANG,Tongwu ZHANG,Shunlin WU, et al. Simulation of proppant transport in fracture with different combinations of particle size[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2019, 9(6): 72-77.

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参考文献 21

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裂缝	裂缝高度/m	排量1/ （m³·min^-1）	排量2/ （m³·min^-1）	排量3/ （m³·min^-1）
压裂缝	50	4.00	6.00	8.00
实验模型	1	0.04	0.06	0.08

支撑剂粒径	裂缝中支撑剂分布剖面
70/140目
40/70目
20/40目

支撑剂比例（40/70目∶20/40目）	裂缝中支撑剂分布剖面
4∶1
2∶1
1∶1
1∶2
1∶4

支撑剂比例（40/70目：70/140目）	裂缝中支撑剂分布剖面
4∶1
2∶1
1:1
1∶2
1∶4

支撑剂组合	实验砂堤形态	数值模拟砂堤形态
40/70目
40/70目∶70/140目=4∶1
40/70目∶70/140目=1∶4