盐水层CO2封存潜力评价及适应性评价方法研究进展

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2023.04.010

Abstract

Abstract:

CO₂ storage in saline aquifers is one of the feasible technical deployment schemes, and it is also the main approach to reduce CO₂ emission in the medium and long term. To meet the assessment requirements of the storage potential in saline aquifers, four CO₂ geological storage mechanisms are systematically expounded. Based on the storage mechanism, an evaluation index system for the suitability of CO₂ geological storage in saline aquifers is established, including four evaluation index layers of safety, technology, economy, and social environment. The weight of each evaluation index factor is calculated using the analytic hierarchy process. For saline aquifers with an open structure and rich hydrogeology, it is recommended to consider the combination of residual trapping and solubility trapping to evaluate CO₂ storage potential. The CO₂ geological storage suitability evaluation index system of saline aquifers provides a reference for conducting the national CO₂ storage suitability evaluation.

Key words: carbon capture, utilization and storage（CCUS）, saline aquifer, storage mechanism, storage potential, evaluation index system

CLC Number:

TE34

Yulong ZHAO,Bo YANG,Cheng CAO, et al. Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(4): 484-494.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Table 1

Chemical reaction formulas between CO2 and different rock minerals"

岩石矿物		化学反应式
碳酸盐类	方解石	$C a C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → C a (H C O 3) 2$
	菱镁矿	$M g C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → M g (H C O 3) 2$
	菱铁矿	$F e C O 3 + H 2 O + C O 2 → F e (H C O 3) 2$
	白云石	$C a M g (C O 3) 2 + 2 H + → C a 2 + + M g 2 + + 2 H C O 3 -$
硅酸盐类	钾长石	$2 K A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O → A l 2 (S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 4 S i O 2 + 2 K + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钾长石	$3 K A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 2 H 2 O → K A l 2 (A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 6 S i O 2 + 2 K + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钠长石	$2 N a A l S i 3 O 8 + 2 C O 2 + 3 H 2 O → A l 2 (S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 4 S i O 2 + 2 N a + + 2 H C O 3 -$
	钠长石	$N a A l S i 3 O 8 + C O 2 + H 2 O → N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + 3 S i O 2$
	钙长石	$C a A l 2 S i 2 O 8 + 2 H + + H 2 O → C a 2 + + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4$
	高岭石	$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + 6 H + → 2 A l 3 + + 2 S i O 2 + 5 H 2 O$
		$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + H 2 O + 2 C O 2 + 2 N a + → 2 N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + 2 S i O 2 + 2 H +$
		$A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + K A l S i 3 O 8 → K A l 2 （ A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 2 S i O 2 + H 2 O$
	镁橄榄石	$M g 2 S i O 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 C O 2 → 2 M g C O 3 + H 4 S i O 4$
	铁橄榄石	$F e 2 S i O 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 C O 2 → 2 F e C O 3 + H 4 S i O 4$
	云母	$K A l 2 （ A l S i 3 O 10) (O H) 2 + 2 S i O 2 + H 2 O → K A l S i 3 O 8 + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4$
	蒙脱石	$蒙脱石 + 4 H 2 O + C O 2 → N a A l C O 3 （ O H ） 2 + A l 2 （ S i 2 O 5) (O H) 4 + S i O 2$

Table 1

Fig. 2

Table 2

Table 3

Indicator system for suitability evaluation of CO2 geological sequestration in saline aquifers"

指标层	指标亚层	指标	评价分级
指标层	指标亚层	指标	适宜	较适宜	一般	较不适宜	不适宜
安全性	盖层封闭性	岩性	膏岩、泥岩、钙质泥岩	含砂泥岩、含粉砂泥岩	粉砂质泥岩、砂质泥岩	泥质粉砂岩、泥质砂岩	页岩、致密灰岩
		主力盖层埋深/m	[800, 1 200)	[1 200, 1 700)	[1 700, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[0, 800)
		单层厚度/m	[20, 25)	[15, 20)	[10, 15)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		累计厚度/m	[300, 350)	[250, 300)	[200, 250)	[150, 200)	[0, 150)
		分布连续性	连续稳定	较连续、较稳定	连续性中等、较稳定	连续性较差、较不稳定	连续性差、不稳定
	断裂条件	断裂特征	有限断层、裂缝	有限断层、裂缝	中等断层、中等裂缝	较大断层、较大裂缝	大断层、大裂缝
	断裂条件	断裂封闭性	好	较好	中等	较差	差
	地震火山条件	地震	极少发生、距离远	少有发生、距离较远	有发生、距离中等	较多发生、距离较近	多发生、距离近
		地震峰值加速度（g=9.81 m/s²）	[0, 0.05)	[0.05, 0.15)	[0.15, 0.30)	[0.3, 0.4)	[0.4, 0.5)
		火山	极少发生、距离远	少有发生、距离较远	有发生、距离中等	较多发生、距离较近	多发生、距离近
	水动力条件	水动力作用	水力封闭作用	水力封闭—封堵作用	水力封堵作用	水力封堵—运移逸散作用	水力运移逸散作用
技术性	储层条件	岩性	碎屑岩	碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩混合	碳酸盐岩	岩浆岩、变质岩等特殊岩体
		埋藏深度/m	[800, 1 200)	[1 200, 1 700)	[1 700, 3 500)	[3 500, 4 000)	[0, 800)
		厚度/m	[50, 60)	[40, 50)	[30, 40)	[20, 30)	[0, 20)
		孔隙度/%	砂岩[20, 30)	[15, 20)	[10, 15)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		孔隙度/%	碳酸盐岩[16, 20)	[12, 16)	[8, 12)	[4, 8)	[0, 4)
		渗透率/10^-3 μm²	砂岩[50, 100)	[35, 50)	[25, 35)	[10, 25)	[0, 10)
		渗透率/10^-3 μm²	碳酸盐岩[10, 16)	[8, 10)	[6, 8)	[4, 6)	[0, 4)
		渗透率变异系数	[0, 0.5)	[0.50, 0.55)	[0.55, 0.60)	[0.60, 0.65)	[0.65, 0.70)
	封存潜力	推定潜力/10⁸t	[50, 100)	[25, 50)	[0.5, 25.0)	[0.02, 0.50)	[0, 0.02)
	封存潜力	单位面积推定潜力/（10⁴t/km²）	[200, 250)	[100, 200)	[50, 100)	[1, 50)	[0, 1)
	地热条件	地表温度/℃	[0, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 10)	[10, 25)	[25, 30)
		地温梯度/（℃/hm）	[0, 2)	[2, 3)	[3, 4)	[4, 5)	[5, 6)
		地热流值	[0, 54.5)	[54.5, 65.0)	[65, 75)	[75, 85)	[85, 100)
经济性		碳源规模/（10⁶t/a）	[50, 100)	[25, 50)	[10, 25)	[5, 10)	[0, 5)
		碳源距离/km	[0, 50)	[50, 100)	[100, 150)	[150, 200)	[200, 250)
		运输条件	好	较好	一般	较差	差
		基础设施	完善	较完善	中等	不完善	无
		收益	远大于成本	大于成本	持平	小于成本	远小于成本
社会环境		社会认可条件	公众认可度高、法规待完善	公众认可度较高、法规较完善	公众认可度一般、法规需修改	公众认可度差、法规需制定	公众排斥
		人口密度/（人/km²）	[0, 25)	[25, 50)	[50, 100)	[100, 200)	[200, 250)
		地理位置	沙漠未利用土地	牧草地	林地	耕地、园地	居民点及工矿用地或水域

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

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工作阶段	研究对象	等级	潜力级别	目的、任务
国家级潜力	沉积盆地	E	预测潜力	以单个盆地为单元进行适宜性评价并排序，评价出适宜CO₂地质封存的盆地
盆地级潜力	盆地一级构造单元	D	推定潜力	以单个盆地一级构造为单元进行适宜性评价，评价出盆地中CO₂地质封存远景区
目标区级潜力	盆地圈闭级构造单元	C	控制潜力	制定CO₂地质封存目标靶区选择标准，在圈闭内比选出封存目标靶区
场地级潜力	封存场地	B	基础封存量	对场地开展地质封存勘查和评估，指导灌注工程的设计
灌注级潜力	地质封存工程场地	A	工程封存量	开展CO₂灌注工程监测，根据灌注工程的运行状况，对场地灌注量及环境风险进行评估

指标	权重值	最大特征根	P_CR值
安全	0.402 2	4.010 4	0.003 9
技术	0.348 3	4.010 4	0.003 9
经济	0.124 8	4.010 4	0.003 9
社会环境	0.124 8	4.010 4	0.003 9

Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers

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Research progress of evaluation of CO₂ storage potential and suitability assessment indexes in saline aquifers