紫外活性铁碳微电解和过硫酸钾降解含聚丙烯酰胺废水

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.017

Abstract

Abstract:

Polyacrylamide (PAM) is a commonly used straight-chain organic polymer with good shear resistance, flocculation, dispersibility, and drag-reducing effect. It is mainly used in soil improvement, medicine, petrochemical industry, and environmental protection. By 2030, fossil fuels and renewable energy are projected to remain the primary energy sources (67.8×10¹⁶ J in total, with fossil fuels accounting for 78% of the total energy consumption). Over the past 40 years, polymer flooding technology has been applied in marginal oil fields and has proven effective in many cases. Most polymer flooding projects have employed partially hydrolyzed PAM and petroleum sulfonates. However, PAM can naturally degrade into aromatic amide monomers, which are highly toxic to humans. The purification methods of PAM-containing wastewater mainly include physical methods (flocculation, thermal degradation, mechanical shear degradation, and membrane separation), biological methods, and chemical methods. Among them, iron/carbon (Fe/C) micro-electrolysis, one of the widely used water treatment technologies in advanced oxidation processes, has been demonstrated as an efficient and low-cost method to treat various types of wastewaters and contaminated soils, including dye wastewater, organic wastewater, arsenic-containing, and fluoride-containing wastewater. Using ultraviolet (UV)-activated Fe/C micro-electrolysis, the study determined the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rates of PAM solution under different pH values, reaction times, K₂S₂O₈ concentrations, and UV powers. The experimental results showed that the COD removal rate under 365 nm UV irradiation was higher than that under 395 nm and 405 nm. Based on the measurements of the COD removal rate and the mass of iron oxide precipitates, the K₂S₂O₈ dosage fluctuation range was determined to be 1 mmol/L. The central composite design (CCD) approach-based response surface methodology (RSM) analysis showed that pH, reaction time, K₂S₂O₈ concentration, and UV power had significant effects on COD removal rate. The regression model yielded a coefficient of determination (R₂) of 0.778 9, indicating good agreement between the model and experimental results. The optimal conditions for PAM solution degradation were identified as pH 3.01, a reaction time of 3 h, a K₂S₂O₈ concentration of 1.4 mmol/L, and a UV power of 30 W. Under these conditions, the COD removal rate reached 90.2%, achieving effective removal of PAM.

Key words: Polyacrylamide, Iron/carbon microelectrolysis, K₂S₂O₈, UV reaction surface method, COD removal rate

CLC Number:

TE53

HUANG Yaoqi,ZHAO Zhongmin. Degradation of polyacrylamide-containing wastewater by ultraviolet-activated iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and potassium persulfate[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 881-890.

Figures/Tables 17

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变量	编码级别
变量	-2	-1	0	1	2
pH值	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0
反应时间/h	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
K₂S₂O₈剂量/（mmol/L）	0.6	0.8	1.0	1.2	1.4
紫外线功率/W	6	12	18	24	30

序号	pH值	反应时间/h	K₂S₂O₈剂量/（mmol/L）	紫外线功率/W	COD 去除率/%
1	3.5	1.5	1.2	12	50.20
2	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	57.32
3	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	53.40
4	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	56.63
5	4.5	2.5	1.2	12	57.49
6	4.0	1.0	1.0	18	29.00
7	4.0	2.0	1.4	18	62.49
8	4.5	1.5	1.2	24	47.20
9	4.5	1.5	0.8	24	34.51
10	3.5	1.5	1.2	24	60.74
11	4.5	1.5	0.8	12	31.62
12	3.5	2.5	1.2	24	80.91
13	4.0	2.0	1.0	6	38.43
14	3.5	2.5	0.8	12	65.26
15	4.0	2.0	1.0	30	62.60
16	4.0	3.0	1.0	18	71.81
17	4.5	1.5	1.2	12	45.60
18	3.5	2.5	1.2	12	73.69
19	4.5	2.5	1.2	24	73.26
20	3.5	1.5	0.8	24	48.09
21	4.5	2.5	0.8	24	52.69
22	4.5	2.5	0.8	12	49.37
23	3.5	1.5	0.8	12	48.00
24	3.0	2.0	1.0	18	62.50
25	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	57.21
26	5.0	2.0	1.0	18	26.64
27	3.5	2.5	0.8	24	69.81
28	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	58.71
29	4.0	2.0	0.6	18	49.83
30	4.0	2.0	1.0	18	57.31

参数类别	平方和	自由度	均方值	方差比例值	概率值
COD去除率模型	4 753.47	10	475.35	18.24	<0.000 1	重要的
pH值	1 300.66	1	1 300.66	49.90	<0.000 1
反应时间	2 442.99	1	2 442.99	93.72	<0.000 1
K₂S₂O₈浓度	551.62	1	551.62	21.16	0.000 2
紫外线功率	370.68	1	370.68	14.22	0.001 3
pH值-反应时间	4.80	1	4.80	0.18	0.672 8
pH值-K₂S₂O₈浓度	27.51	1	27.51	1.06	0.317 2
pH值-紫外线功率	0.087	1	0.087	0.003	0.954 5
反应时间-K₂S₂O₈浓度	2.81	1	2.81	0.11	0.746 4
反应时间-紫外线功率	15.48	1	15.48	0.59	0.450 3
K₂S₂O₈剂量-紫外线功率	36.84	1	36.84	1.41	0.249 1
残余	495.27	19	26.07
缺乏适应度	479.34	14	34.24	10.75	0.008 0	重要的
纯错误	15.93	5	3.19
总计	5 248.74	29

Degradation of polyacrylamide-containing wastewater by ultraviolet-activated iron-carbon micro-electrolysis and potassium persulfate

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