The heat exchange technology of the medium-deep buried pipes of the abandoned oil and gas wells is one of the methods of oilfield geothermal development, which is helpful for low-carbon heating in oilfields and reduces the cost of geothermal development. In order to improve the heat transfer of a single well and better guide the reconstruction work, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors of the heat transfer performance of the geothermal well after reconstruction. In this paper, numerical simulation method is used to analyze the influencing factors of the heat transfer performance of the geothermal well after reconstruction, and the parameters such as geology, well and working conditions are analyzed respectively. The main analysis conclusions are: ① The geothermal gradient and the thermal conductivity of the rock formation in the geological parameters have a great influence on the heat transfer of a single well, and the geological parameters should be the primary consideration factors in the selection of the stimulation target well. ② Well depth, casing outer diameter, and thermal conductivity of central heat exchange tube in the well parameters have certain influence on the heat exchange of a single well, which should be considered when selecting target well and formulating the reconstruction plan. ③ The water temperature and flow rate entering the well in the working condition parameters have an influence on the heat exchange of a single well, and the influence of the working condition parameters should be considered in the design of the surface heat exchange system. The research in this paper has reference significance for the selection of stimulation target wells, the formulation of stimulation plans, and the optimization of operating conditions parameters using the same heat exchange method.