四川盆地深层页岩气规模有效开发面临的挑战与对策

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2021.02.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Deep shale gas（buried depth is larger than 3 500 m） is the potential resource for future exploration in Sichuan Basin. Although the industrial shale gas flows have been obtained at the depth of 3 500~4 000 m in Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation of Sichuan Basin, the commercial development hasn’t been put into practice due to the rapid decline and the low EUR（Estimated Ultimate Recovery）. Based on the analysis of the current status of shale gas exploration and development, the challenges in the deep shale gas development with high efficiency and large scale in Sichuan Basin have been summarized, mainly in the following aspects: the understanding of occurrence mechanism and enrichment law of deep shale gas needs to be deepened, engineering and technology of economical and effective fracturing treatment need to be established, and the organizational operations and management methods of deep shale gas development are difficult to meet the needs of the large-scale and high efficient development. Three countermeasures are proposed to realize the large-scale and highly efficient development of deep shale gas: ①deepening the understanding of deep shale gas enrichment laws, establishing the methods of area selection and evaluation, and forming the prediction and description technologies of “sweet spot” and “sweet window”; ②deepening the research on the geological conditions of deep shale gas, forming an advanced supporting technology of drilling and fracturing and an equipment system to fully release the reservoir capacity; ③promoting the geology-engineering integration, building a new system and mechanism, and greatly reducing the cost to maximize the development benefits of deep shale gas. The industrial gas flows have been obtained in several wells at the depth of more than 3 500 m of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin and the proven reserves have been submitted. It is the key and priority stratum of the deep shale gas development. By deepening the geological understanding, overcoming the key technical problems, and improving the management system, it can significantly accelerate the speed, reduce the cost, increase the efficiency and achieve a large-scale and highly efficient development in a relatively short period. The output is expected to be higher than that of the middle and shallow shale gas reservoir.

Key words: deep shale gas, effective development, geology-engineering integration, Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122

HE Zhiliang,NIE Haikuan,JIANG Tingxue. Challenges and countermeasures of effective development with large scale of deep shale gas in Sichuan Basin[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(2): 135-145.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 4

Table 3

Current situation of fracturing equipment in China and abroad （According to references [33-35]）"

工艺技术	国外	国内
压裂装备	①压裂装备主要为2 300 hp以下拖装柴驱 ②多采用拖装双泵结构,整机功率5 000~7 000 hp	①国内压裂装备以柴驱为主,已经开发了3000—7000型电动压裂设备 ②压裂装备平均负荷率在60 %以下
压裂地面管汇	以大通径法兰管线为主的拖链式或围栏式管汇结构	由壬式3″三通道、4″两通道结构,管线安装复杂,存在振动、超排现象
连续油管作业装备	①连续油管作业装备,2″油管长度达到8 000 m ②装备自动化、信息化水平较高,油管现场连接技术成熟	①现役连续油管主力装备油管容量最大为2″,长度为6 000 m, $2 38$ ″长度为3 500 m ②现场连接焊接技术可靠性和自动化水平有待提高

Table 3

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压裂工艺参数	国外	国内
分段分簇	单段3~10簇	单段2~6簇
射孔参数	孔径14 mm以上	孔径9.5 mm、10.5 mm、12.7 mm
压裂模式	预处理酸+线性胶+滑溜水+冻胶	预处理酸+胶液+滑溜水+胶液
压裂液	滑溜水（1~3 mPa·s）和冻胶	滑溜水（9~12 mPa·s）和聚合物
支撑剂	100目、40/70目、30/50目、20/40目	100目、40/70目、30/50目
加砂方式	低砂比连续加砂	段塞加砂
单段压裂规模（m³）	1 500~2 900	1 600~3 100
单段支撑剂规模（m³）	70~110	50~80
综合砂液比（%）	3~6	1.1~4.1
施工排量（m³/min）	11~14	12~18
施工压力（MPa）	70~90	90~118

区块	深度（m）	优质页岩厚度（m）	R_o （%）	孔隙度（%）	TOC （%）	硅质含量（%）	碳酸质含量（%）	含气性（m³/t）	地层压力系数	水平地应力差
焦石坝	3 880~4 011	30.5~49.5	2.42~2.80	3.12~3.33	2.84~2.93	47.7~69.2	10.1~12.3	3.33~4.52	1.38~1.57	7.4~14.0
丁山	3 936~4 269	39.0~35.0	1.85~2.23	3.77~4.60	2.85~3.72	41.1~52.3	11.0~15.2	5.06~6.15	1.25~1.70	13.0~24.0
南川	4 382~4 411	29.0	2.53	4.12	3.17	46.2	9.7	4.10	1.52	22.0
东溪	4 197~4 227	30.5		4.60	3.49	52.3	11.0	5.06	1.40~1.65	17.0
Eagle Ford	1 200~4 200	20.0~90.0	0.60~1.80	4.50 （3.00~7.00）	4.50 (3.00~7.00)	14.0~35.0	20.0~50.0	6.00	1.35~1.80	4.0
Haynesville	3 658	45.0	1.20~3.00	10.00 （8.00~12.00）	4.00 (3.00~5.00)	15.0~20.0	40.0~90.0	12.00	1.90	<10.0
Cana Woodford	4 115	50.0		6.50 （5.00~8.00）	9.00 (6.00~12.00)	48.0~74.0	<20.0		1.58	5.7

Challenges and countermeasures of effective development with large scale of deep shale gas in Sichuan Basin

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