碳酸盐岩气藏注CO2提高采收率与埋存潜力评价指标研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025063

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 74-83.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025063

碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提高采收率与埋存潜力评价指标研究

赵梓寒¹(), 彭先², 王梦雨¹, 周源¹, 李隆新¹, 罗瑜², 徐世昊³, 汪永朝⁴, 任运波⁵, 熊伟³, 赵玉龙³, 曹成³()

^1.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院，四川成都 610051
^2.中国石油西南油气田分公司勘探开发研究院，四川成都 610041
^3.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室，四川成都 610500
^4.四川省油气勘探开发有限公司·四川资源集团，四川成都 610000
^5.中国石油西南油气田公司华油公司，四川成都 610066

收稿日期:2025-02-10 发布日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-01-26
通讯作者: 曹成（1993—），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事二氧化碳利用与封存（CCUS）等领域的科研和教学工作。地址：四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号西南石油大学，邮政编码：610500。E-mail：caochengcn@163.com
作者简介:赵梓寒（1990—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事包括缝洞型碳酸盐岩储气库地应力变化、CO₂提高采收率及封存评价、气藏工程中人工智能技术的应用等研究。地址：成都市高新区天府大道北段12号，邮政编码：610051。E-mail：zzhan@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金区域创新联合基金重点项目“四川盆地有水气藏CO₂驱提高采收率及其有效封存研究”(U23A2022);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目“多元杂质影响下CO₂—地层水—泥岩作用机理及盖层封闭性演化机制”(CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0951);四川省自然科学基金项目“深层海相碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提高采收率协同碳封存机理研究”(2025ZNSFSC1357);油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室开放基金项目“咸水层含杂质CO₂—水—岩作用机制与封存潜力评价方法研究”(PLN2023-28)

Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs

ZHAO Zihan¹(), PENG Xian², WANG Mengyu¹, ZHOU Yuan¹, LI Longxin¹, LUO Yu², XU Shihao³, WANG Yongchao⁴, REN Yunbo⁵, XIONG Wei³, ZHAO Yulong³, CAO Cheng³()

^1.Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
^2.Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
^4.Sichuan Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Co. , LTD / Sichuan Resources Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
^5.Sichuan Huayou Group Co. , Ltd. , PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610066, China

Received:2025-02-10 Online:2026-01-06 Published:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳酸盐岩气藏注二氧化碳（CO₂）在提高甲烷（CH₄）采收率的同时能够实现CO₂的地质埋存。针对孔隙-裂缝型碳酸盐岩气藏流体渗流表征不准确的问题，采用PR（Peng-Robinson）状态方程计算流体物性，建立考虑对流与扩散的双孔双渗数值模型，分析裂缝渗透率、储层倾角、裂缝孔隙度、基质孔隙度、注气速度等因素对CH₄采收率和CO₂埋存量的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明：裂缝渗透率越高，早期CH₄的产气量就越高，但CO₂突破后，CH₄产气量迅速下降；裂缝孔隙度和基质孔隙度的增加显著提高了CH₄采收率与CO₂埋存量；储层倾角增加，CH₄采收率和CO₂埋存量受重力分异影响也随之提高；注气速度越快，增压补能效果越显著，CH₄与CO₂产气量越高，CH₄采收率和CO₂埋存量下降；基质渗透率、注气时机及5% O₂对提采与埋存的影响较小。基于数值模拟结果，采用变异系数法和专家赋权法确定影响因素权重，通过层次分析法构建了碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提采与埋存的评价指标体系，并对WLH气藏的不同区块开展综合评价。综合评价结果表明，不同区块的储层物性差异显著，裂缝渗透率、裂缝孔隙度和储层倾角等指标的权重对评价结果有直接影响，但整体趋势与模型分析一致，验证了评价指标体系的有效性和正确性。研究成果为裂缝性碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提高气藏采收率协同碳埋存提供了理论依据与有效的评价指标体系。

关键词: CCUS, 碳酸盐岩气藏, CO₂提高采收率, 评价指标, 双孔双渗模型

Abstract:

Injecting carbon dioxide (CO₂) into carbonate gas reservoirs can achieve the geological storage of CO₂ while enhancing methane (CH₄) recovery. To address the inaccurate characterization of fluid flow in fractured-vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs, the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state was used to calculate fluid properties, and a dual-porosity dual-permeability numerical model considering both convection and diffusion was established. This model was used to analyze the effects of factors including fracture permeability, reservoir dip angle, fracture porosity, matrix porosity, and gas injection rate on CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. The numerical simulation results showed that higher fracture permeability led to higher CH₄ production rates in the early stage, but the CH₄ production rate declined rapidly after CO₂ breakthrough. Increasing fracture porosity and matrix porosity significantly improved CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. An increase in reservoir dip angle resulted in higher CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity due to gravity segregation effects. Higher gas injection rates resulted in more significant pressure maintenance and energy replenishment, leading to higher production rates of both CH₄ and CO₂ but causing a decrease in both CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. Matrix permeability, injection timing, and the presence of 5% O₂ had a relatively small impact on the enhancement of recovery and storage. Based on the numerical simulation results, the weights of the influencing factors were determined using the coefficient of variation method and expert weighting method. Then, an evaluation indicator system for CO₂-enhanced recovery and storage in carbonate gas reservoirs was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on different blocks of the WLH gas reservoir. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that significant differences in reservoir physical properties were observed among different blocks, and the weights of indicators such as fracture permeability, fracture porosity, and reservoir dip angle directly affected the evaluation results. However, the overall trend was consistent with the model analysis, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the evaluation indicator system. The findings provide a theoretical basis and an effective evaluation indicator system for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and carbon storage in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs.

Key words: CCUS, carbonate gas reservoir, CO₂-enhanced gas recovery, evaluation indicators, dual-porosity dual-permeability model

中图分类号:

TE377

赵梓寒,彭先,王梦雨, 等. 碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提高采收率与埋存潜力评价指标研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(1): 74-83.

ZHAO Zihan,PENG Xian,WANG Mengyu, et al. Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(1): 74-83.

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评价指标方法	优点	缺点
层次分析法^{[9, 14]}	可将复杂问题划分为多个层系	判断矩阵的构建主观性较强
变异系数法^[10]	通过指标的变异性进行权重划分，客观性强	对数据的质量要求高
专家赋权法^[10]	根据专家的经验进行划分，适用于数据不足的情况	专家的经验有时过于主观且不统一
灰色关联度分析法^[15]	能够很好地处理小样本和不确定性问题	指标关联关系明确度高

参数	取值
网格尺寸	50 m×50 m×10 m
基质孔隙度/%	6
裂缝孔隙度/%	2
基质平均渗透率/μm²	10^-4
裂缝平均渗透率/μm²	5×10^-3
注入井注入速率/（m³/d）	200 000
生产井井底压力/MPa	5.5
形状因子	[10, 10, 10]

建模参数	生产井杂质含量为20%		生产井杂质含量为50%		生产井杂质含量为80%
建模参数	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值
基质渗透率	51.09	97.14	73.67	90.16	90.16	77.58
裂缝渗透率	50.21	97.27	73.04	89.93	90.27	75.25
储层倾角	53.47	97.31	75.77	91.04	92.23	79.55
裂缝（洞）孔隙度	57.85	97.52	76.46	91.40	90.58	78.80
基质孔隙度	51.78	97.14	73.86	90.36	90.14	77.67
注气时机	49.95	96.93	72.88	89.81	89.75	77.15
含水饱和度	47.26	97.55	69.95	91.56	88.02	79.84
注气速度	51.08	97.09	73.20	90.15	73.20	90.15
CO₂ 摩尔分数	61.10	99.38

评价指标	生产井杂质含量为20%		生产井杂质含量为50%		生产井杂质含量为80%
评价指标	提高采收率	埋存率	提高采收率	埋存率	提高采收率	埋存率
裂缝渗透率	0.026 9	0.014 8	0.023 4	0.039 4	0.011 7	0.061 5
储层倾角	0.061 6	0.003 1	0.040 9	0.011 2	0.027 3	0.029 4
裂缝（洞）孔隙度	0.086 3	0.003 3	0.033 2	0.011 1	0.010 2	0.018 8
基质孔隙度	0.045 3	0.001 0	0.020 1	0.003 8	0.004 8	0.010 6
含水饱和度	0.043 4	0.004 0	0.024 9	0.011 7	0.010 6	0.023 9
注气速度	0.134 4	0.010 9	0.064 2	0.042 8	0.064 2	0.042 8
CO₂ 摩尔分数	0.165 9	0.003 2

评价指标	评价等级
评价指标	较好（7）	中等（5）	较差（3）
裂缝渗透率/10^-3 μm²	>10	1~10	<1
储层倾角/（°）	>40	20~40	<20
裂缝（洞）孔隙度/%	>3	1~3	<1
基质孔隙度/%	>10	5~10	<5
含水饱和度	<0.2	0.2~0.4	>0.4
注气速度/（10⁴ m³/d）	>10	5~10	<5
CO₂摩尔分数/%	>70	30~70	<30

碳酸盐岩气藏注CO₂提高采收率与埋存潜力评价指标研究

Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs

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参考文献 36

相关文章 13

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指标层	中段轴部		南段		中段东翼
指标层	取值	评价等级	取值	评价等级	取值	评价等级
裂缝渗透率/ 10^-3 μm²	2	中等	2	中等	2	较好
储层倾角/（°）	30	中等	30	中等	10	较差
缝洞孔隙度/%	1~4	中等	1~4	中等	1~7	较好
基质孔隙度/%	1~5	较差	1~5	较差	3~4	较差
含水饱和度	<0.2	较好	<0.2	较好	<0.2	较好
注气速度/ （10⁴ m³/d）	20	较好	20	较好	20	较好
CO₂摩尔分数/%	100	较好	100	较好	100	较好

阶段	目标层	中段轴部		南段		中段东翼
阶段	目标层	得分	总得分	得分	总得分	得分	总得分
生产井杂质含量为20%	提采	6.06	6.02	6.06	6.02	6.24	6.31
生产井杂质含量为20%	埋存	5.86	6.02	5.86	6.02	6.60	6.31
生产井杂质含量为50%	提采	5.66	5.70	5.66	5.70	5.80	5.94
生产井杂质含量为50%	埋存	5.86	5.70	5.86	5.70	6.52	5.94
生产井杂质含量为80%	提采	6.08	5.99	6.08	5.99	6.00	6.04
生产井杂质含量为80%	埋存	5.65	5.99	5.65	5.99	6.19	6.04

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