缝洞型油藏凝胶-无机颗粒协同筑坝控水增油方法研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024484

油气藏评价与开发 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 174-185.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024484

缝洞型油藏凝胶-无机颗粒协同筑坝控水增油方法研究

章智博¹(), 王典林¹, 张雯², 张潇², 瞿博超², 李亮², 毛润雪¹, SAGYNDIKOV Marat³, 魏兵¹()

^1.西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室，四川成都 610500
^2.中国石化西北油田分公司，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
^3.哈萨克斯坦高分子材料和技术研究院，哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图 050000

收稿日期:2024-10-28 发布日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-01-26
通讯作者: 魏兵（1983—），男，博士，教授，从事复杂油气藏提高采收率理论和技术研究。地址：四川省成都市新都区新都大道西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室，邮政编码：610500。E-mail： bwei@swpu.edu.cn
作者简介:章智博（1999—），男，在读硕士研究生，从事油藏工程与提高采收率研究。地址：四川省成都市新都区新都大道西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室，邮政编码：610500。E-mail： 19981451576@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“利用表面活性剂胶束合成多重环境粘附和自修复水凝胶及其伤口密封粘合应用研究”(22002124);四川省杰出青年科学基金项目“非常规油气藏提高采收率理论与方法”(2023NSFSC1954)

Research on gel-inorganic particle synergistic damming method for water control and oil enhancement in fracture-cavity reservoirs

ZHANG Zhibo¹(), WANG Dianlin¹, ZHANG Wen², ZHANG Xiao², QU Bochao², LI Liang², MAO Runxue¹, SAGYNDIKOV Marat³, WEI Bing¹()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
^2.Sinopec Northwest China Oilfield Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
^3.Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan

Received:2024-10-28 Online:2026-01-06 Published:2026-01-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对缝洞型油藏注水开发过程中底水沿裂缝快速突破导致“阁楼油”难以有效开采的难题，提出“凝胶-无机颗粒协同筑坝控水增油”策略。该方法通过凝胶封堵窜流通道与无机颗粒纵向堆积的协同作用，在近井溶洞内构筑具有一定高度和坡度的稳定坝体，抬升溢出点促使底水绕流，从而扩大水驱波及体积，动用顶部剩余油。研究基于现场井例和实际地质模型，构建了大尺度可视化缝洞型油藏物理模型，并通过相似原理设计等效堵剂和注采参数，模拟藏内筑坝过程，探究不同注入模式下堵剂运移分布规律，分析堵剂组合模式、段塞数量、堵剂总量、堵剂比例、注入速度及溶洞填充度对坝体形态和控水增油效果的影响。最后基于反向传播（Back Propagation，简称BP）神经网络构建模型预测筑坝高度和采收率提升效果。实验结果表明：①凝胶与无机颗粒协同筑坝能有效动用溶洞顶部剩余油，采收率提高14.4%，控水增油效果显著；②堵剂组合模式直接决定坝体形态和高度，注入参数显著影响堵剂运移规律，进而影响控水增油效果；③基于BP神经网络构建的模型经充分训练后，成功预测不同注入模式下坝体高度和采收率增加值，其均方根误差分别为22.24和2.92。研究揭示了协同筑坝机制，明确了工艺参数优化方向，为缝洞型油藏注水开发后期提高采收率提供了新思路和有效方法。

关键词: 缝洞型油藏, “阁楼油”, 筑坝控水增油, 凝胶, 无机颗粒, 提高采收率

Abstract:

To address the challenge of rapid bottom water breakthrough along fractures during water injection in fracture-cavity reservoirs, which makes “attic oil” difficult to recover effectively, a strategy of “gel-inorganic particle synergy damming for water control and oil enhancement” was proposed. The method constructed a stable dam with specific height and slope in near-wellbore cavities through the synergistic effects of gel plugging of channeling paths and vertical stacking of inorganic particles, raising the overflow point to divert bottom water, thereby expanding the water flooding sweep volume and mobilizing the remaining oil at the top. Based on field well cases and actual geological models, a large-scale visual physical model of fracture-cavity reservoir was established. Equivalent plugging agents and injection-production parameters were designed using similarity principles to simulate the in-reservoir damming process. The migration and distribution patterns of plugging agents under different injection modes were investigated, and the effects of plugging agent combination, slug number, total agent volume, agent ratio, injection rate, and cavity filling degree on dam morphology and performance of water control and oil enhancement were analyzed. Finally, based on back propagation (BP) neural network, a model was established to predict damming height and performance of enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The experimental results demonstrated that: (1) the gel-inorganic particle synergistic damming could effectively mobilize the top remaining oil in cavities, increasing recovery by 14.4% with significant water control and oil enhancement performance. (2) Plugging agent combinations directly determined dam morphology and height, while injection parameters significantly influenced the migration patterns of plugging agents, thereby affecting the performance of water control and oil enhancement. (3) After sufficient training, the BP neural network-based model successfully predicted dam height and EOR under different injection modes, with root mean square errors of 22.24 and 2.92, respectively. The study reveals the mechanisms of synergistic damming, clarifies directions for process parameter optimization, and provides new insights and effective methods for enhancing oil recovery in the later stages of water injection in fracture-cavity reservoirs.

Key words: fracture-cavity reservoir, attic oil, damming for water control and oil enhancement, gel, inorganic particles, enhanced oil recovery

中图分类号:

TE344

章智博,王典林,张雯, 等. 缝洞型油藏凝胶-无机颗粒协同筑坝控水增油方法研究[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026, 16(1): 174-185.

ZHANG Zhibo,WANG Dianlin,ZHANG Wen, et al. Research on gel-inorganic particle synergistic damming method for water control and oil enhancement in fracture-cavity reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(1): 174-185.

图/表 20

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

表2

实验等效参数"

相似准数	物理意义	相似性
$p ρ g L$	驱替压差与重力之比	动力相似
$μ ρ v L$	雷诺数	动力相似
$Q t (φ f + φ v) ρ L 3$	注入量与缝洞总体积之比	运动相似

表2

表3

表4

图5

表5

表6

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

表7

图12

图13

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分类	密度/（g/cm³）	黏度（温度25 ℃）/（mPa·s）	静态成胶时间/h	成胶强度	固相质量分数/%
现场凝胶	1.14	500	1~3（温度130 ℃）	H级
实验室凝胶	1.10	506	4~6（温度40 ℃）	H级
现场无机堵剂	1.14	30~35			20
实验室无机颗粒	1.16	60			20

参数	注采压差/MPa	原油密度/（g/cm³）	凝胶密度/（g/cm³）	无机颗粒密度/（g/cm³）	模型尺寸/m	凝胶黏度/（mPa·s）	无机颗粒黏度/（mPa·s）	注入速度/（mL/min）	孔隙度/%
实际油藏参数	2.00~20.00	0.8~1.0	1.14	1.14	200.0~600.0	500	30~35	30 000~60 000	3.0~20.0
物理模型参数	0.01~0.10	0.9	1.10	1.16	0.3~0.4	506	60	0.78~1.30	2.0~3.0

实验方案	研究内容	研究参数	固定参数
1	堵剂组合模式	单一凝胶堵剂	凝胶黏度500 mPa·s，密度1.14 g/cm³，无机颗粒黏度60 mPa·s，密度1.16 g/cm³
2		单一无机颗粒堵剂
3		凝胶+无机颗粒组合
4	段塞数量	二段塞	填充度60%，堵剂总量0.2 PV，注入速度0.8 cm³/min，凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶2
5		三段塞
6		四段塞
7	堵剂总量	0.1 PV	填充度60%，二段塞，注入速度0.8 cm³/min，凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶2
8		0.2 PV
9		0.3 PV
10		0.4 PV
11	堵剂比例	凝胶与无机颗粒比1∶2	填充度60%，堵剂总量0.2 PV，二段塞，注入速度0.8 cm³/min
12		凝胶与无机颗粒比1∶6
13		凝胶与无机颗粒比1∶10
14	注入速度	0.8 cm³/min	填充度60%，堵剂总量0.2 PV，二段塞，凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶2
15		1.0 cm³/min
16		1.2 cm³/min
17	溶洞填充程度	未填充	堵剂总量0.2 PV，二段塞，注入速度0.8 cm³/min，凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶2
18		填充度30%
19		填充度60%

实验方案	研究内容	研究参数	坝体高度/mm	提高采收率/%
1	堵剂组合模式	单一凝胶堵剂	52.9	0.8
2		单一无机颗粒堵剂	20.4	3.2
3		凝胶+无机颗粒组合	36.6	14.4
4	段塞数量	二段塞	58.5	14.4
5		三段塞	57.0	11.1
6		四段塞	53.3	10.3
7	堵剂总量	0.1 PV	49.0	4.0
8		0.2 PV	58.5	14.4
9		0.3 PV	59.5	16.1
10		0.4 PV	63.7	13.2
11	堵剂比例	凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶2	58.5	14.4
12		凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶6	56.8	6.4
13		凝胶与无机颗粒比为1∶10	56.2	5.8
14	注入速度	0.8 cm³/min	69.1	11.0
15		1.0 cm³/min	61.0	5.6
16		1.2 cm³/min	69.5	9.3
17	溶洞填充程度	无填充	47.0	15.5
18		填充度30%	36.6	12.5
19		填充度60%	53.3	14.4

模型参数	寻优范围	最优值
隐藏层1神经元个数	32	32
	48
	64
	96
	128
隐藏层2神经元个数	16	16
	24
	32
	48
	64
学习率	0.000 5	0.01
	0.001 0
	0.002 0
	0.005 0
	0.010 0
批量大小	16	16
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缝洞型油藏凝胶-无机颗粒协同筑坝控水增油方法研究

Research on gel-inorganic particle synergistic damming method for water control and oil enhancement in fracture-cavity reservoirs

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