基于地质构造特征的地热资源评价及开发部署

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.06.002

Abstract

Abstract:

The global energy structure is undergoing a fundamental shift from a reliance on fossil fuels with clean energy as a supplement, to a focus on clean energy supported by fossil fuels. Clean, renewable geothermal resources are gradually becoming a key energy source for sustainable development. This study focused on Gaocheng District in southwestern Hebei Province, leveraging its unique geological structural characteristics and abundant geothermal reserves. A refined geothermal resource assessment system was established, forming the basis for optimal well placement and spacing for efficient geothermal resource development. Results indicated that the development area had excellent heat source conditions, a highly favorable reservoir-caprock system, and low scaling and corrosion risks from formation fluids, indicating high-quality geothermal resources. Forty extraction and reinjection wells were deployed with a 1:1 ratio（20 extraction wells and 20 reinjection wells）. With a well spacing of 380 m and a projected operational lifespan of 30 years, the setup was expected to support sustainable heat exchange and heating needs. Based on geological structural characteristics, this study provides a valuable reference for the sustained and efficient exploitation of geothermal resources.

Key words: geothermal resources, evaluation system, thermal breakthrough boundary, well spacing optimization, well location deployment

CLC Number:

TE09

BAI Zongxian,WANG Yufei,HAO Jie, et al. Geothermal resource evaluation and development deployment based on geological structural characteristics[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(6): 834-841.

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References 27

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准则层1	准则层1对应权重/ %	准则层2	准则层2对应权重/ %	指标层	指标层对应权重/ %
地热地质条件	76	热源	17	地质背景类型	7
				基岩埋深	5
				热源类型	5
		热传输通道	12	断裂级别	7
		热传输通道	12	热传输方式	5
		盖层	12	盖层岩性	5
		盖层	12	盖层厚度	7
		热储	35	孔隙度	7
				渗透率	7
				单井地热流体产量	7
				有效厚度比	7
				热储中部温度	7
地热资源量	14			地热资源量	7
地热资源量	14			地热资源丰度	7
地热流体质量	10			腐蚀性	5
地热流体质量	10			结垢性	5

A类		B类		C类		D类
分级系数	指标品质	分级系数	指标品质	分级系数	指标品质	分级系数	指标品质
1.0	最好	1.0	最好	1.0	最好	1.0	最好
0.9	次好	—	—	—	—	—	—
0.8	较好	0.8	较好	—	—	—	—
0.7	普通	—	—	0.7	普通	—	—
0.6	较差	0.6	较差	—	—	—	—
0.5	很差	—	—	—	—	—	—
0.4	最差	0.4	最差	0.4	最差	0.5	最差

分级系数	地质背景类型	基岩埋深/m
1.0	挤压背景下的板块交界处	≤2 000
0.8	伸展背景盆内凸起	>2 000~3 000
0.6	伸展背景盆内凹陷	>3 000~4 000
0.4	挤压背景板块内部隆起	>4 000

分级系数	热源类型
1.0	上地幔热源+元素衰变生热+岩浆侵入体
0.5	上地幔热源+元素衰变生热

分级系数	孔隙度/%		渗透率/10^-3 μm²		单井地热流体产量/（m³/d）
分级系数	砂岩	碳酸盐岩	砂岩	碳酸盐岩	单井地热流体产量/（m³/d）
1.0	≥25	≥7	≥500	≥100	≥2 400
0.7	15~<25	2~<7	100~<500	10~<100	1 200~<2 400
0.4	<15	<2	<100	<10	<1 200

Geothermal resource evaluation and development deployment based on geological structural characteristics

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分级系数	热储中部温度/℃	有效厚度比/%
1.0	≥150	≥70
0.9	90~<150	60~<70
0.8	60~<90	50~<60
0.7	40~<60	40~<50
0.6	25~<40	30~<40
0.5	—	20~<30
0.4	—	<20

分级系数	盖层岩性
1.0	松散堆积/砂泥岩
0.7	松散堆积/碳酸盐岩
0.4	松散堆积/页岩、板岩

分级系数	盖层厚度/m
1.0	800<h_c≤1 500
0.8	600<h_c-≤800或1 500<h_c+≤2 000
0.6	400<h_c-≤600或2 000<h_c+≤3 500
0.4	h_c-<400或h_c+>3 500

分级系数	地热腐蚀系数
1.0	K_k<0，并且K_k+0.050 3ω（Ca²⁺）<0（非腐蚀性水）
0.7	K_k<0，并且K_k+0.050 3ω（Ca²⁺）>0（非腐蚀性水）
0.4	K_k>0（腐蚀性水）

分级系数	锅垢总量/（g/m³）	结垢情况
1.0	<125	锅垢很少
0.8	125~<250	锅垢少
0.6	250~<500	锅垢多
0.4	≥500	锅垢很多

分级系数	拉伸指数（Cl^-含量大于或等于0.25 mol/L）	结垢情况	腐蚀性
1.0	<0.5	可能结垢	没有腐蚀性
0.7	0.5~<3.0	不结垢	有轻微腐蚀性
0.4	3.0~<10.0	不结垢	强腐蚀性

分级系数	雷兹诺指数（Cl^-含量小于0.25 mol/L）	结垢情况
1.0	≥7.0	不结垢
0.8	6.0~<7.0	结垢轻微
0.6	5.0~<6.0	结垢中等
0.5	4.0~<5.0	结垢严重
0.4	<4.0	结垢非常严重

分级系数	地热资源量
	高温地热田		中—低温地热田
	电能/MW	保证开采年限/a	电能/MW	保证开采年限/a
1.0	≥50	30	≥50	100
0.7	10~<50	30	10~<50	100
0.4	<10	30	<10	100

地热资源分类	评分	地热资源丰度指标分级	资源条件
Ⅰ类	≥0.85	Ⅰ-1类	非常富集
Ⅰ类	0.80~<0.85	Ⅰ-2类	非常富集
Ⅱ类	0.75~<0.80	Ⅱ-1类	富集
	0.70~<0.75	Ⅱ-2类	富集
	0.65~<0.70	Ⅱ-3类	较富集
Ⅲ类	0.60~<0.65	Ⅲ-1类	不富集
Ⅲ类	<0.60	Ⅲ-2类	不富集

平台	预计热负荷/ （kJ/h）	采水井数/口	回灌井数/口	采灌井数比	井数合计
1号平台	30.32	13	13	1∶1	26
2号平台	30.32	7	7	1∶1	14
合计	60.64	20	20	1∶1	40

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