碳酸盐岩气藏注CO2提高采收率与埋存潜力评价指标研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025063

Abstract

Abstract:

Injecting carbon dioxide (CO₂) into carbonate gas reservoirs can achieve the geological storage of CO₂ while enhancing methane (CH₄) recovery. To address the inaccurate characterization of fluid flow in fractured-vuggy carbonate gas reservoirs, the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state was used to calculate fluid properties, and a dual-porosity dual-permeability numerical model considering both convection and diffusion was established. This model was used to analyze the effects of factors including fracture permeability, reservoir dip angle, fracture porosity, matrix porosity, and gas injection rate on CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. The numerical simulation results showed that higher fracture permeability led to higher CH₄ production rates in the early stage, but the CH₄ production rate declined rapidly after CO₂ breakthrough. Increasing fracture porosity and matrix porosity significantly improved CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. An increase in reservoir dip angle resulted in higher CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity due to gravity segregation effects. Higher gas injection rates resulted in more significant pressure maintenance and energy replenishment, leading to higher production rates of both CH₄ and CO₂ but causing a decrease in both CH₄ recovery and CO₂ storage capacity. Matrix permeability, injection timing, and the presence of 5% O₂ had a relatively small impact on the enhancement of recovery and storage. Based on the numerical simulation results, the weights of the influencing factors were determined using the coefficient of variation method and expert weighting method. Then, an evaluation indicator system for CO₂-enhanced recovery and storage in carbonate gas reservoirs was constructed using the analytic hierarchy process. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on different blocks of the WLH gas reservoir. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that significant differences in reservoir physical properties were observed among different blocks, and the weights of indicators such as fracture permeability, fracture porosity, and reservoir dip angle directly affected the evaluation results. However, the overall trend was consistent with the model analysis, confirming the effectiveness and accuracy of the evaluation indicator system. The findings provide a theoretical basis and an effective evaluation indicator system for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and carbon storage in fractured carbonate gas reservoirs.

Key words: CCUS, carbonate gas reservoir, CO₂-enhanced gas recovery, evaluation indicators, dual-porosity dual-permeability model

CLC Number:

TE377

ZHAO Zihan,PENG Xian,WANG Mengyu, et al. Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(1): 74-83.

Figures/Tables 15

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评价指标方法	优点	缺点
层次分析法^{[9, 14]}	可将复杂问题划分为多个层系	判断矩阵的构建主观性较强
变异系数法^[10]	通过指标的变异性进行权重划分，客观性强	对数据的质量要求高
专家赋权法^[10]	根据专家的经验进行划分，适用于数据不足的情况	专家的经验有时过于主观且不统一
灰色关联度分析法^[15]	能够很好地处理小样本和不确定性问题	指标关联关系明确度高

参数	取值
网格尺寸	50 m×50 m×10 m
基质孔隙度/%	6
裂缝孔隙度/%	2
基质平均渗透率/μm²	10^-4
裂缝平均渗透率/μm²	5×10^-3
注入井注入速率/（m³/d）	200 000
生产井井底压力/MPa	5.5
形状因子	[10, 10, 10]

建模参数	生产井杂质含量为20%		生产井杂质含量为50%		生产井杂质含量为80%
建模参数	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值	提高采收率均值	埋存率均值
基质渗透率	51.09	97.14	73.67	90.16	90.16	77.58
裂缝渗透率	50.21	97.27	73.04	89.93	90.27	75.25
储层倾角	53.47	97.31	75.77	91.04	92.23	79.55
裂缝（洞）孔隙度	57.85	97.52	76.46	91.40	90.58	78.80
基质孔隙度	51.78	97.14	73.86	90.36	90.14	77.67
注气时机	49.95	96.93	72.88	89.81	89.75	77.15
含水饱和度	47.26	97.55	69.95	91.56	88.02	79.84
注气速度	51.08	97.09	73.20	90.15	73.20	90.15
CO₂ 摩尔分数	61.10	99.38

评价指标	生产井杂质含量为20%		生产井杂质含量为50%		生产井杂质含量为80%
评价指标	提高采收率	埋存率	提高采收率	埋存率	提高采收率	埋存率
裂缝渗透率	0.026 9	0.014 8	0.023 4	0.039 4	0.011 7	0.061 5
储层倾角	0.061 6	0.003 1	0.040 9	0.011 2	0.027 3	0.029 4
裂缝（洞）孔隙度	0.086 3	0.003 3	0.033 2	0.011 1	0.010 2	0.018 8
基质孔隙度	0.045 3	0.001 0	0.020 1	0.003 8	0.004 8	0.010 6
含水饱和度	0.043 4	0.004 0	0.024 9	0.011 7	0.010 6	0.023 9
注气速度	0.134 4	0.010 9	0.064 2	0.042 8	0.064 2	0.042 8
CO₂ 摩尔分数	0.165 9	0.003 2

评价指标	评价等级
评价指标	较好（7）	中等（5）	较差（3）
裂缝渗透率/10^-3 μm²	>10	1~10	<1
储层倾角/（°）	>40	20~40	<20
裂缝（洞）孔隙度/%	>3	1~3	<1
基质孔隙度/%	>10	5~10	<5
含水饱和度	<0.2	0.2~0.4	>0.4
注气速度/（10⁴ m³/d）	>10	5~10	<5
CO₂摩尔分数/%	>70	30~70	<30

Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs

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指标层	中段轴部		南段		中段东翼
指标层	取值	评价等级	取值	评价等级	取值	评价等级
裂缝渗透率/ 10^-3 μm²	2	中等	2	中等	2	较好
储层倾角/（°）	30	中等	30	中等	10	较差
缝洞孔隙度/%	1~4	中等	1~4	中等	1~7	较好
基质孔隙度/%	1~5	较差	1~5	较差	3~4	较差
含水饱和度	<0.2	较好	<0.2	较好	<0.2	较好
注气速度/ （10⁴ m³/d）	20	较好	20	较好	20	较好
CO₂摩尔分数/%	100	较好	100	较好	100	较好

阶段	目标层	中段轴部		南段		中段东翼
阶段	目标层	得分	总得分	得分	总得分	得分	总得分
生产井杂质含量为20%	提采	6.06	6.02	6.06	6.02	6.24	6.31
生产井杂质含量为20%	埋存	5.86	6.02	5.86	6.02	6.60	6.31
生产井杂质含量为50%	提采	5.66	5.70	5.66	5.70	5.80	5.94
生产井杂质含量为50%	埋存	5.86	5.70	5.86	5.70	6.52	5.94
生产井杂质含量为80%	提采	6.08	5.99	6.08	5.99	6.00	6.04
生产井杂质含量为80%	埋存	5.65	5.99	5.65	5.99	6.19	6.04

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Research on evaluation indicators for CO2-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs

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Research on evaluation indicators for CO₂-enhanced gas recovery and storage potential in carbonate gas reservoirs