Reservoir Evaluation and Development ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 109-116.doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2021.01.015
• Shale Gas Development • Previous Articles Next Articles
Li Chenglong1(),Pan Junou1,Bao Kai1,Gao Huanjie1,Xie Kailing2,Lu Peili2
Received:
2019-12-01
Online:
2021-02-04
Published:
2021-02-26
CLC Number:
Chenglong Li,Junou Pan,Kai Bao, et al. Pollution prevention measures and its environmental protection effects in Nanchuan shale gas development area[J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(1): 109-116.
Table 1
Pollution sources in construction operations of shale gas development"
工程阶段 | 污染源 | 生态影响 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
废水 | 废气 | 噪声 | 固体废弃物 | ||
钻前工程 | 施工废水和施工人员 生活污水 | 施工扬尘、施工机械和运输车辆尾气 | 施工机械噪声 | 土石方、施工人员生活垃圾 | 表土剥离、 水土流失 |
钻井及 试气工程 | 钻井废水、场地雨水、洗井废水、压裂返排液、生活污水 | 燃油废气、测试放喷燃烧废气 | 钻井、压裂机组等设备的机械噪声、测试放喷噪声 | 普通钻屑、油基岩屑、废油、化工料桶 | 水土流失、 土壤污染 |
地面工程 | 施工过程中产生的废水 | 施工机械尾气排放的少量CO、NOX以及土石方施工产生的粉尘 | 施工机械噪声 | 土石方、施工人员生活垃圾 | 表土剥离、 水土流失 |
采气阶段 | 气井采出水 | 热水炉加热产生的废气、放空产生的废气 | 集气站热水炉、分离器、 节流阀等产生的噪声 | 生活垃圾 | 土壤污染 |
Table 3
Measurements of ecological and environmental protection from shale gas development in Nanchuan area"
工程阶段 | 水污染防治措施 | 大气污染防治措施 | 噪声防治措施 | 固体废弃物处理和处置措施 | 生态保护措施 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
钻前工程 | 设置沉淀池,施工废水经沉淀处理后全部回用;生活污水利用当地旱厕处置 | 铺设防尘网、防尘洒水、密闭运输、恢复植被等 | 选用符合国家标准的施工机具和运输车辆;选用低噪声施工机械和工艺 | 土石方回填井场;生活垃圾交由环卫部门处置 | 依据区域内地形地貌优化选址,减少挖方、填方,减少植被破坏 |
钻井及 试气工程 | 废水管输至集中处理站处理后重复利用或达标外排;雨水清污分流;生活污水经旱厕收集处置 | 使用优质燃料、强化设备检测与维护等 | 网电钻井、网电压裂代替柴油机;基座减震;发声设备噪声治理;居民住房功能置换 | 清水钻屑铺垫井场;水基钻屑资源化综合利用;油基钻屑交危险废物处置单位处置;化工料桶由厂家回收 | 井场表面铺碎石防止雨水冲刷、场地周场围修临时排水沟;周边裸露地表绿化 |
地面工程 | 施工废水经沉淀后回用 | 铺设防尘网、洒水、密闭运输、及时恢复植被 | 选用符合国家标准的施工机具和运输车辆;选用低噪声的施工机械 | 土石方回填井场;生活垃圾交由环卫部门处置 | 挖方及时回填,或在指定场所集中堆放,做好临时防护措施 |
采气阶段 | 采气水管输至集中处理站处理后重复利用或达标外排 | 采用短火焰灼烧器、修建放喷池 | 垃圾分类,交由环卫部门统一清运处置 |
Table 4
Test results of surface water environment in Nanchuan shale gas development area in 2018 (mg/L)"
项目 | pH值 | COD | BOD5 | 氨氮 | 硫酸盐 | 氯化物 | 石油类 | 硫 化 物 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | 范围 | 最大评价指数 | ||||||||
Ⅲ类水质标准值(GB 3838—2002) | 6~9 | ≤20 | ≤4 | ≤1 | ≤250 | ≤250 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.2 | |||||||||||||
1#监测断面 | 7.29~7.34 | 0.17 | 9~11 | 0.55 | 1.5~1.8 | 0.45 | 0.148~0.188 | 0.19 | 16.4~16.6 | 0.07 | 1.92~1.96 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.8 | 0.005L | ||||||
2#监测断面 | 7.38~7.41 | 0.21 | 7~10 | 0.50 | 1.3~1.7 | 0.43 | 0.161~0.194 | 0.19 | 16.2~16.3 | 0.07 | 1.85~1.89 | 0.01 | 0.03~0.04 | 0.8 | 0.005L | ||||||
3#监测断面 | 7.40~7.45 | 0.23 | 10~15 | 0.75 | 1.8~2.4 | 0.60 | 0.324~0.372 | 0.37 | 15.7~15.8 | 0.06 | 2.36~2.43 | 0.01 | 0.03~0.04 | 0.8 | 0.005L | ||||||
4#监测断面 | 7.37~7.41 | 0.21 | 11~14 | 0.70 | 1.9~2.4 | 0.60 | 0.140~0.182 | 0.18 | 37.5~38.5 | 0.15 | 4.00~4.21 | 0.02 | 0.03~0.04 | 0.8 | 0.005L | ||||||
5#监测断面 | 7.41~7.45 | 0.23 | 9~14 | 0.70 | 1.6~2.3 | 0.58 | 0.155~0.197 | 0.20 | 38.2~38.3 | 0.15 | 4.02~4.08 | 0.02 | 0.03~0.04 | 0.8 | 0.005L |
Table 5
Test results of groundwater environment in Nanchuan shale gas development area in 2018 (mg/L)"
项目 | pH无量纲 | 耗氧量(CODMn) | 氨氮 | 氯化物 | 硫酸盐 | 石 油 类 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | ||||||
Ⅲ类水质标准值 | 6.50~8.50 | ≤3 | ≤0.5 | ≤250 | ≤250 | ≤0.05 | |||||||||
1#监测断面 | 7.12~7.14 | 0.09 | 0.31~0.37 | 0.12 | 0.172~0.227 | 0.45 | 4 | 0.020 | 19.6 | 0.08 | 0.01L | ||||
2#监测断面 | 7.18~7.22 | 0.15 | 0.35~0.36 | 0.12 | 0.276~0.302 | 0.60 | 5.24~5.57 | 0.020 | 19.30~19.80 | 0.08 | |||||
3#监测断面 | 7.21~7.25 | 0.17 | 0.27~0.29 | 0.10 | 0.188~0.215 | 0.43 | 0.86~1.01 | 0.004 | 5.80~5.85 | 0.02 | |||||
4#监测断面 | 7.70~7.73 | 0.49 | 0.86~0.89 | 0.30 | 0.252~0.292 | 0.58 | 3.77~3.85 | 0.020 | 54.20 | 0.22 | |||||
5#监测断面 | 7.65~7.67 | 0.45 | 0.80~0.82 | 0.27 | 0.191~0.236 | 0.47 | 3.57~4.06 | 0.020 | 50.40~59.80 | 0.24 | |||||
6#监测断面 | 7.42~7.44 | 0.29 | 0.61~0.63 | 0.21 | 0.206~0.221 | 0.44 | 4.13~4.19 | 0.020 | 33.90~34.10 | 0.14 | |||||
7#监测断面 | 7.25~7.26 | 0.17 | 0.68~0.75 | 0.25 | 0.242~0.266 | 0.45 | 4.14~4.23 | 0.020 | 33.80~34.00 | 0.14 |
Table 6
Test results of ambient air quality in Nanchuan shale gas development area in 2018(mg/m3)"
项目 | SO2 | NO2 | PM10 | H2S | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | 范围 | 最大 评价指数 | ||||
一级评价标准(森林公园监测点) | ≤0.050 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.05 | ≤0.01 | |||||||
4#监测点 | 0.009~0.012 | 0.24 | 0.021~0.025 | 0.31 | 0.027 80~0.038 20 | 0.76 | 0.001 56~0.001 64 | 0.16 | |||
二级评价标准 | ≤0.150 | ≤0.08 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.01 | |||||||
1#监测点 | 0.009~0.018 | 0.12 | 0.011~0.024 | 0.30 | 0.066~0.081 | 0.54 | 0.001 17~0.001 93 | 0.19 | |||
2#监测点 | 0.010~0.019 | 0.13 | 0.015~0.027 | 0.33 | 0.074~0.090 | 0.60 | 0.001 17~0.001 83 | 0.18 | |||
3#监测点 | 0.017~0.020 | 0.13 | 0.031~0.037 | 0.46 | 0.061 10~0.070 80 | 0.47 | 0.001 55~0.002 52 | 0.25 |
Table 7
Comparison of noise environment in Nanchuan shale gas development area in 2017 and 2018 dB(A)"
监测点 | 监测 时段 | 2017年监测的结果 | 2018年监测的结果 | 变化 情况 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1#监测点 (场界) | 昼间 | 45.6~45.9 | 53.9~54.9 | 升高 |
夜间 | 43.2~43.5 | 44.2~45.0 | 升高 | |
2#监测点 (居民点) | 昼间 | 45.9~46.5 | 53.7~54.6 | 升高 |
夜间 | 43.2 | 44.1~45.1 | 升高 | |
3#监测点 (场界) | 昼间 | 56.0~56.4 | 53.5~54.5 | 降低 |
夜间 | 47.5~48.3 | 45.2~45.4 | 降低 | |
4#监测点 (居民点) | 昼间 | 57.0~57.2 | 56.5~57.0 | 降低 |
夜间 | 47.5~48.1 | 44.2~45.8 | 降低 | |
5#监测点 (场界) | 昼间 | 46.2~46.4 | 56.2~56.5 | 升高 |
夜间 | 43.9~44.6 | 45.4~46.2 | 降低 | |
6#监测点 (居民点) | 昼间 | 46.6~46.7 | 56.9~57.2 | 升高 |
夜间 | 44.2~44.3 | 45.8~47.7 | 升高 |
Table 9
Comparison of soil environment in Nanchuan shale gas development area between 2017 and 2018"
监测位置 | 石油烃(mg/kg) | 铅(mg/kg) | 六价铬(mg/kg) | 挥发酚(μg) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017年 | 2018年 | 变化情况 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 变化情况 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 变化情况 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 变化情况 | |||||
1#监测点 | 22.9 | 28.90 | 升高 | 34.9 | 25.7 | 降低 | 4.21 | 2L | 降低 | 未测 | 0.5L | |||||
2#监测点 | 11.0 | 7.45 | 降低 | 25.8 | 23.6 | 降低 | 25.60 | 2L | 降低 | 未测 | 0.5L |
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[1] | LU Yaqiu,WANG Jin,CAO Mengxi. Evaluation method of shale gas development area selection based on improved analytic hierarchy process [J]. Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2021, 11(2): 204-211. |
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