超深定向井地质工程力学耦合机理研究进展与认识

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.04.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration and development are key strategic areas in China's energy sector, with ultra-deep directional drilling serving as a crucial technology for accessing these resources. However, the challenges of drilling and completing ultra-depe directional wells are substantial due to complex topography, diverse formation lithologies, varying pressure systems, reservoir fluid characteristics, and the engineering mechanics of deep formations. To address these challenges and enhance the safe and efficient development of deep oil and gas resources in China, this paper introduces the concept of a geology-drilling engineering-mechanics coupling mechanism for ultra-deep directional wells. The paper systematically reviews the progress and identifies existing problems in the geology-drilling engineering-mechanics coupling mechanism of ultra-deep oil and gas drilling. It also proposes directions for future research and development. It is emphasized that research on the coupling mechanism in China is still in its early stages and requires further integration of geology, mechanics, and engineering disciplines to develop efficient drilling technologies suitable for ultra-deep directional wells.

Key words: geology-drilling engieering-mechanics coupling mechanism, ultra-deep directional well, 3D geological modeling, geostress, rock-bit-drill string mechanical coupling

CLC Number:

TE19

Hai CHENG,Yiqun ZHANG,Yin WANG, et al. Progress and understanding on geology-drilling engineering-mechanics coupling mechanism of ultra-deep directional wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(4): 593-599.

Figures/Tables 4

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References 40

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对比项目	Petrel	Gocad	FCM	RMS	FastTracker
功能	构造建模，油气藏建模	地震解释与反演，速度建模，构造建模，数值模拟	油气藏确定性建模	构造建模，油气藏建模，数值模拟	油气藏建模
基于平台	Windows	Windows，Linux，Solaris，SGJ	Windows	Solaris，SGJ	Windows
可拓展性	任意拓展	任意拓展	无拓展	无拓展	无拓展
系统开放性	具有用户自己开发插件功能	开发版具有用户自己开发插件功能	—	—	—
可视化性能	三维可视化功能强	三维可视化功能强	二维显示为主	三维可视化功能较好	三维可视化功能较好
复杂构造处理能力	强	强	差	较强	一般
建模速度	快	快	较快	慢	较快

	原理	优点	缺点
等效深度法	正常压实的地层，声波时差曲线有一条明显的压实趋势线；而异常压实区，声波时差曲线往往偏离正常压实趋势线	简单，容易计算	仅适用于“不平衡压实过程导致的地层欠压实”高压的情况
Eaton法	与等效深度法相似，基于正常压实理论构建正常压实趋势线，引入压实校正系数C（Eaton指数）	Eaton指数与地层埋深、声波时差间具有较好相关性，精度高，且计算相对简单	Eaton指数受制岩性、成岩作用及流体类型，须用实测压力数据矫正
Fillippone法	通过获取上覆岩层压力和有效应力，则可以得到地层孔隙压力；岩石力学参数与岩石的有效应力具有密切联系	理论基础较完善，其预测精度比等效深度法高，且不受岩性和异常压力形成机制的影响	需要大量的测井数据、实验数据；且没有考虑到其他机制对地层孔隙压力的影响
Bowers法	利用垂直有效应力与声波速度间的原始加载及卸载曲线方程直接计算出垂直有效应力，结合上覆岩层压力便可求取地层孔隙压力	不需构建正常压实趋势方程，能够计算非连续沉积地层的孔隙压力，且不受制于地层压力成因是否异常	在井资料或测压资料缺少的地区应用受限
经验统计模型	利用测井资料精准地计算地层的孔隙度和泥质含量，再结合声波时差测井获取的声波传播速度，便可计算地层孔隙压力	不受岩性和异常压力成因机制的影响，对复杂岩性剖面和压力成因地区有较大的优势，地区适用性好	涉及的参数较多，各参数的误差相互叠加致使地层孔隙压力预测精度难以保障

研究方法	特点	劣势
底部钻具组合二维振动方程	求解快速	不确定性与求解难度大
实验法	采用真实钻头破岩钻井，分析了岩石特性、钻压、转速对钻柱黏滑振动影响	忽略钻柱与井壁接触，不适用于定向钻井分析
底部钻具动力学方程	考虑井眼曲率、钻柱与井壁接触、钻井液黏滞阻尼影响	计算时间较长

方法	项目	操作原理	优点	缺点
传统断层识别方法	常规地震剖面	肉眼识别地震资料中反射层位的位移或中断、横向上不连续等断层特征	操作简单	周期长、主观性强，复杂断层可信度低
传统断层识别方法	井断点引导	在准确的断点时深转换前提下，井点处断层位置确定，通过井断点引导识别断层信息	准确识别出小断距断层	对于井网密度要求较高
基于地震属性的断层识别方法	相干体属性	将三维地震振幅数据转换为不连续特征的相干体属性数据，断层等表现为低相干值	算法成熟，计算速度快	相干的差异不一定严格对应断层
	曲率属性	将三维地震资料通过求导，以二维曲率算法为基础，利用网格拟合二次曲面	算法成熟，抗噪性高，可视化功能好	易受解释及软件等因素的影响，地震资料并没有参与计算
	方差体	通过计算相邻地震道之间的方差来表示各个地震道反射特征的差异，从而识别断层	抗噪声能力强，大断层识别效果好	计算速度慢，微小断层识别效果较差
断层的自动识别方法	蚂蚁追踪	在地震数据体中，“蚂蚁”会在满足预设断裂条件处散播“信息素”并聚集，实现对目标断层的识别与追踪	断层识别速度与精度较好	需要反复调试参数

Progress and understanding on geology-drilling engineering-mechanics coupling mechanism of ultra-deep directional wells

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