Oil and Gas Development

Characteristics of water phase permeability variation in medium-low permeability oil reservoirs during high multiple waterflooding

  • MA Xiaoli ,
  • BI Yongbin ,
  • JIANG Mingjie ,
  • LI Dan ,
  • GU Xiao
Expand
  • 1. Jidong Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Tangshan, Hebei 063004, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China

Received date: 2024-06-03

  Online published: 2025-01-26

Abstract

In fault block G76 of the Jidong Oilfield, issues such as increased injection pressure and difficulty in water injection have arisen during the waterflooding development process. To analyze the variation in reservoir properties during water injection, high multiple waterflooding experiments were conducted on cores using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. Laser particle size analysis was performed on the target reservoir cores to obtain particle size distribution, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was conducted to determine mineral content proportions. High multiple waterflooding experiments based on NMR technology were carried out to analyze reservoir property variations. The results showed that core 5-1 and core 6-1 consisted of medium sand-bearing silty fine sandstone and silt-bearing medium sandy fine sandstone, respectively, with high contents of fine sand, silt, and clay minerals. The relative permeability of the water phase and NMR porosity initially increased with cumulative water injection to a high value and then declined. In the NMR T2 spectrum, the right endpoint values and the curves corresponding to medium and large pores shifted left as water injection increased. In the two-dimensional spectra, the free water signal intensity increased with cumulative water injection. As the injected water transitioned from bound water to a cumulative injection of 500 PV, the bound water signal continuously increased. When the cumulative injection is beyond 500 and up to 1 000 PV, the bound water signal of core 5-1 continued to strengthen, while that of core 6-1 weakened. The study suggests that, in the early stages of water injection, weak hydration of clay minerals occurs. In the later stages, due to water flushing, fine silt particles and clay minerals in the cement may detach and migrate to pore throats, causing blockage and damage to the pore throat structure, thereby reducing water phase permeability. The findings reveal the reasons for injection difficulty and increased pressure during waterflooding in medium-low permeability oil reservoirs and provide guidance for mitigating contamination and improving the effectiveness of waterflooding development.

Cite this article

MA Xiaoli , BI Yongbin , JIANG Mingjie , LI Dan , GU Xiao . Characteristics of water phase permeability variation in medium-low permeability oil reservoirs during high multiple waterflooding[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025 , 15(1) : 103 -109 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.01.013

References

[1] 邓瑞健. 核磁共振技术在水驱油实验中的应用[J]. 断块油气田, 2002, 9(4): 33-37.
  DENG Reijian. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology in water driving oil experiment[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2002, 9(4): 33-37.
[2] 刘红现, 许长福, 胡志明. 用核磁共振技术研究剩余油微观分布[J]. 特种油气藏, 2011, 18(1): 96-97.
  LIU Hongxian, XU Changfu, HU Zhiming. Research on microcosmic remaining oil distribution by NMR[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2011, 18(1): 96-97.
[3] 李振涛. 利用核磁共振二维谱技术研究岩心含油饱和度[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2011.
  LI Zhentao. Using two dimensional NMR technology to research core oil saturation[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2011.
[4] 王学武, 杨正明, 李海波, 等. 利用核磁共振研究特低渗透油藏微观剩余油分布[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2013, 21(4): 702-709.
  WANG Xuewu, YANG Zhengming, LI Haibo, et al. Microscopic distribution of remaining oil of ultra-low permeability reservoir by using NMR technique[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2013, 21(4): 702-709.
[5] 刘凡, 姜汉桥, 张贤松, 等. 基于核磁共振的水平井开发孔隙动用机理研究[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 35(6): 99-103.
  LIU Fan, JIANG Hanqiao, ZHANG Xiansong, et al. Study on the mechanism of horizontal well development based on NMR[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science & Technology Edition), 2013, 35(6): 99-103.
[6] 张振涛, 姜汉桥. 核磁共振方法研究油水过渡带驱替特征[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2019, 33(4): 54-57.
  ZHANG Zhentao, JIANG Hanqiao. Displacement characteristics of oil-water transition zones through nuclear magnetic resonance[J]. Petroleum Geology and Engineering, 2019, 33(4): 54-57.
[7] 徐思越. 低渗透油藏微观剩余油分布研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2020.
  XU Siyue. Study on microscopic remaining oil distribution in low permeability reservoirs[D]. Qingdao: China University of Petroleum(East China), 2020.
[8] 白龙辉, 柳波, 迟亚奥, 等. 二维核磁共振技术表征页岩所含流体特征的应用——以松辽盆地青山口组富有机质页岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(6): 1389-1400.
  BAI Longhui, LIU Bo, CHI Ya’ao, et al. 2D NMR studies of fluids in organic-rich shale from the Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(6): 1389-1400.
[9] 陈瑶, 张宫, 郑国庆, 等. T2Pc二维核磁共振岩心测试技术与应用[J]. 石油实验地质, 2021, 43(3): 549-556.
  CHEN Yao, ZHANG Gong, ZHENG Guoqing, et al. Core testing technology with T2-Pc two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance and its application[J]. Petroleum Experimental & Geology, 2021, 43(3): 549-556.
[10] 景岷雪, 罗丽琼. 储层中微粒运移现象的实验判断[J]. 天然气勘探与开发, 2005, 28(2): 50-53.
  JING Minxue, LUO Liqiong. Experimental judgement of reservoir particle migration phenomenon[J]. Natural Gas Exploration and Development, 2005, 28(2): 50-53.
[11] 李龙, 鞠斌山, 江怀友, 等. 油层微粒运移及其对储层物性的影响[J]. 中外能源, 2011, 16(12): 50-54.
  LI Long, JU Binshan, JIANG Huaiyou, et al. Fine grain migration and its effects on the physical properties of oil formations[J]. Sino-Global Energy, 2011, 16(12): 50-54.
[12] 曹宝格, 韩永林, 余永进, 等. 马岭油田南二区延9油藏注水开发储集层特征变化研究[J]. 新疆地质, 2019, 37(3): 373-377.
  CAO Baoge, HAN Yonglin, YU Yongjin, et al. Study on reservoir characteristics change in waterflooding development in Yan 9 reservoir of Nan2 district of Maling Oilfield[J]. Xinjiang Geology, 2019, 37(3): 373-377.
[13] 黎晓茸, 杨立华, 李大建, 等. 西峰油田注水引起的微粒运移实验研究[J]. 断块油气田, 2008, 15(2): 81-82.
  LI Xiaorong, YANG Lihua, LI Dajian, et al. Experiment research on particulate movement caused by water injection in Xifeng Oilfield[J]. Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2008, 15(2): 81-82.
[14] 李力, 孙杰, 陈伟华, 等. 四川盆地二叠系玄武岩储层微粒运移损害机理研究[J]. 河南科学, 2021, 39(3): 403-411.
  LI Li, SUN Jie, CHEN Weihua, et al. Study on the mechanism of particle migration damage in permian basalt reservoirs in Sichuan Basin[J]. Henan Science, 2021, 39(3): 403-411.
[15] 崔传智, 韦自健, 刘力军, 等. 低矿化度水驱中的微粒运移机理及其开发效果[J]. 工程科学学报, 2019, 41(6): 719-730.
  CUI Chuanzhi, WEI Zijian, LIU Lijun, et al. Mechanism of fines migration in low-salinity waterflooding and its development effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2019, 41(6): 719-730.
[16] 何雨丹, 毛志强, 肖立志, 等. 核磁共振T2分布评价岩石孔径分布的改进方法[J]. 地球物理学报, 2005, 48(2): 737-742.
  HE Yudan, MAO Zhiqiang, XIAO Lizhi, et al. An improved method of using NMR T2 distribution to evaluate pore size distribution[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2005, 48(2): 737-742.
[17] 王翼君, 李雪梅, 沈建军, 等. 油气储层孔隙结构核磁共振分析局限性探讨[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2016, 6(4): 44-52.
  WANG Yijun, LI Xuemei, SHEN Jianjun, et al. Discuss on the limitation of nuclear magnetic resonance method for the analysis of reservoir porosity structure[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2016, 6(4): 44-52.
[18] 任晓娟. 低渗砂岩储层孔隙结构与流体微观渗流特征研究[D]. 西安: 西北大学, 2006.
  REN Xiaojuan. Pore structure of low permeability sand rock and fluid flowing characteristics[D]. Xi'an: Northwest University, 2006.
[19] MITCHELL J, GLADDEN L F, CHANDRASEKERA T C, et al. Low-field permanent magnets for industrial process and quality control[J]. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2014, 76.
[20] 范宜仁, 刘建宇, 葛新民, 等. 基于核磁共振双截止值的致密砂岩渗透率评价新方法[J]. 地球物理学报, 2018, 61(4)1628-1638.
  FAN Yiren, LIU Jianyu, GE Xinmin, et al. Permeability evaluation of tight sandstone based on dual T2 cutoff values measured by NMR[J]. Chinese Journal of geophysics, 2018, 61(4): 1628-1638.
[21] 王赞惟. 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘临兴地区盒 8段储层微观孔隙结构及渗流特征[J]. 非常规油气, 2020, 7(1): 59-64.
  WANG Zanwei. Microscopic pore structure and the seepage characteristics in tight sandstone reservoir of the 8th member of lower Shihezi Formation in Linxing area of East Ordos Basin[J]. Unconventional Oil & Gas, 2020, 7(1): 59-64.
[22] 李楚雄, 申宝剑, 卢龙飞, 等. 松辽盆地沙河子组页岩孔隙结构表征: 基于低场核磁共振技术[J]. 油气藏评价与开发, 2022, 12(3): 468-476.
  LI Chuxiong, SHEN Baojian, LU Longfei, et al. Pore structure characterization of Shahezi Formation shale in Songliao Basin: Based on low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2022, 12(3): 468-476.
Outlines

/