缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏水驱特征曲线类型及适应性——以塔河油田为例

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024.06.011

Abstract

Abstract:

Waterflooding characteristic curves are widely used in analyzing oilfield production dynamics. Most existing waterflooding characteristic curves are derived from statistical analyses of production data from sandstone reservoirs, commonly categorized into four types: Type A, Type B, Type C, and Type D. To assess the applicability of these curve types to fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs, the Tahe fractured-cavity carbonate reservoir was selected as a case study. By analyzing reservoir fracture-cavity structures and oil-water production data, the Type A waterflooding curve was identified as more suitable for the Tahe reservoir. The study of 255 wells with long-term production data revealed six water cut increase patterns and four waterflooding characteristic curve types. Wells controlled by single cavities exhibited single-straight-line waterflooding characteristic curves and slow water cut increase patterns. Wells controlled by dual cavities displayed double-straight-line waterflooding characteristic curves, with water cut increase patterns categorized as slow rise, rapid rise, or fluctuating. For wells affected by water injection in dual-cavity structures, triple-straight-line waterflooding characteristic curves were observed, with water cut increase patterns featuring rapid rise and catastrophic flooding. Wells located in multi-cavity, complex fracture-cavity structures demonstrated irregular waterflooding characteristic curves, with water cut patterns including slow rise, rapid rise, fluctuating, and catastrophic flooding. A comparison with waterflooding characteristic curves of sandstone reservoirs clarified the applicability conditions for fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs: adherence to the stable waterflooding principle（i.e., the straight-line principle） and the absence of a fixed water cut threshold. This study provides a foundation for predicting production dynamics in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs.

Key words: fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs, waterflooding characteristic curve, applicability, water cut, fracture-cavity structure

CLC Number:

TE344

ZHENG Lingli,ZHU Bingqian,ZHANG Yuhao, et al. Types and applicability of waterflooding characteristic curves in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs: A case study of Tahe Oilfield[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(6): 899-907.

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序号	含水变化类型	月含水上升速率/%	典型井	见水特征综合描述
Ⅰ	缓慢上升型	<3	TK609	油井见水后，连续1 a以上月含水上升速率在3%以内，见水后出现台阶期，含水率在60%以下并保持0.5 a以上
Ⅱ	台阶上升型	<10	T401	含水变化相对稳定（台阶期含水率波动范围在10%以内）；出现台阶前平均月含水上升速率一般小于10%
Ⅲ	快速上升型	>10	TK225	见水后0.5 a内月含水上升速率大于10%，含水率大于60%后，月含水上升速率开始放缓，出现缓升段或者台阶期
Ⅳ	暴性水淹型	>10	TK427	暴性水淹一般为油井突然见水，且迅速上升（见水后半年内月含水上升速率大于10%），1 a内导致油井停产或高含水（f_w>90%）
Ⅴ	波动变化型	—	TK408	综合含水曲线上下来回波动（波动周期小于0.5 a，波动范围大于20%）
Ⅵ	其他类型	—	TK739	除以上见水特征之外，见水为注入水、因套漏引起的非目的层水窜等

曲线类型	含水上升类型	典型水驱特征曲线示意图	缝洞结构模式
单直线型	缓慢上升型
双直线型	缓慢上升、快速上升和波动型
三直线型	快速上升和暴性水淹型
不规则型	缓慢上升、快速上升、波动型和暴性水淹型

Types and applicability of waterflooding characteristic curves in fractured-cavity carbonate reservoirs: A case study of Tahe Oilfield

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