气田采出水回注地层CO2封存赋存状态研究

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.04.015

Abstract

Abstract:

Under the background of synergistic pollution and carbon reduction, gas field produced water reinjection coupled with CO₂ geological storage provides an important pathway to promote synergistic efficiency and expand the benefits of CO₂ geological storage. The evolution of CO₂ occurrence states in formations with gas field produced water reinjection directly affects the CO₂ storage efficiency and long-term security. Based on the interaction mechanism of CO₂, gas field produced water, and reservoir rocks, the PHREEQC software was employed to systematically investigate the influence patterns and underlying mechanisms of CO₂ pressure, produced water salinity, reservoir rock type, and formation temperature on the two CO₂ occurrence states: dissolved-mineralized phase and free phase. Combined with changes in mineral composition and dissolution-mineralization ratios during reactions, the dominant factors affecting CO₂ occurrence states in formations with gas field produced water reinjection were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Feldspar and chlorite served as the primary minerals promoting CO₂ mineralization reactions, while illite and calcite functioned as the main carbon fixation minerals. (2) The amount of CO₂ in the dissolved-mineralized phase (hereinafter referred to as CO₂ dissolution-mineralization quantity) increased with higher CO₂ pressure but decreased with increasing salinity of gas field produced water. In sandstone systems, the CO₂ dissolution-mineralization quantity decreased with increasing temperature, while in limestone systems, it first decreased and then increased with increasing temperature. (3) Under simulation conditions, changes in CO₂ pressure led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 47% to 72% in sandstone and limestone systems. Differences in rock type led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 10% to 45%. Changes in produced water salinity and formation temperature led to variations in CO₂ dissolution-mineralization proportions ranging from 2%-31% and 3%-15%, respectively, in sandstone and limestone systems. These findings are significant for deepening the understanding of CO₂ occurrence state evolution and influencing factors, and for advancing the practical demonstration of gas field produced water reinjection coupled with CO₂ geological storage from theoretical research to field applications.

Key words: CO₂ geological storage, gas field produced water reinjection, synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emission, PHREEQC software, CO₂-water-rock interaction, occurrence states

CLC Number:

TE99

YANG Shugang,REN Jinman,CAI Mingyu, et al. Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(4): 656-663.

Figures/Tables 11

Table 1

Chemical reaction equations between major metal ions in gas field produced water and CO2"

序号	化学反应式	次生矿物
1	CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) $⇌$ H₂CO₃(aq)
2	H₂CO₃(aq) $⇌$ H⁺(aq) + $H C O 3 -$ (aq)
3	HCO $3 -$ $⇌$ H⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq)
4	Ca²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → CaCO₃(s)	方解石
5	Fe²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → FeCO₃(s)	菱铁矿
6	Mg²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → MgCO₃(s)	菱镁矿
7	Ba²⁺(aq) + $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → BaCO₃(s)	毒重石
8	Ca²⁺(aq) + Mg²⁺(aq) + 2 $H C O 3 -$ (aq) → CaMg(CO₃)₂(s) + 2H⁺(aq)	白云石
9	Mn²⁺(aq)+ $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → MnCO₃(s)	碳酸锰
10	Sr²⁺(aq)+ $C O 3 2 -$ (aq) → SrCO₃ $(s)$	菱锶矿

Table 1

Table 2

Chemical reaction equations of CO2-gas field produced water-reinjection reservoir rock minerals"

序号	矿物名称	化学反应式	次生矿物
1	方解石	CaCO₃+H⁺ → Ca²⁺+ $H C O 3 -$	完全溶解
2	白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂+2H⁺ → Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺+2HCO $3 -$	完全溶解
3	钾长石	2KAlSi₃O₈+ 9H₂O + 2H⁺ → 2K⁺+ Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+ 4H₄SiO₄	高岭石
4	钠长石	2NaAlSi₃O₈+ H₂O + CO₂ → 2Na⁺+ 2HCO $3 -$ + Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+ 4SiO₂	高岭石，石英
4	钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈ +H₂O + CO₂ → NaAlCO₃(OH)₂ +3SiO₂	片钠铝石，石英
5	钙长石	CaAl₂Si₂O₈+ H₂CO₃+ H₂O → CaCO₃ + Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	高岭石，方解石
5	钙长石	CaAl₂Si₂O₈ +2Na⁺+2CO₂+3H₂O → 2NaAlCO₃(OH)₂ + 3CaCO₃ + 2SiO₂ + 2H⁺	片钠铝石，石英，方解石
6	高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄+H₂O+2CO₂+2Na⁺ → NaAlCO₃(OH)₂+2SiO₂+2H⁺	片钠铝石，石英
7	伊利石	K_0.85Mg_0.25Al_2.35Si_3.4O₁₀(OH)₂+ 8.4H⁺ → 2.35Al³⁺+ 0.85K⁺+ 0.25Mg²⁺+ 5.2H₂O + 3.4SiO₂	石英
8	绿泥石	(Fe, Mg)₅Al₂Si₃O₁₀(OH)₈+8H⁺ → 3SiO₂+2.5Fe²⁺+2.5Mg²⁺+8H₂O+ 2AlO $2 -$	石英

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 5

Table 6

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

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矿物类型	砂岩		灰岩
矿物类型	比例/%	物质的量/mol	比例/%	物质的量/mol
石英	38	3.170 0	2	0.166 7
长石	47	0.423 0	0
绿泥石	8	0.048 0	0
伊利石	7	0.089 3	0
方解石	0		83	4.150 0
白云石	0		15	0.408 0

采出水编号	各组成质量浓度/（g/L）					采出水矿化度/（g/L）
采出水编号	CaCl₂	NaCl	MgCl₂	KCl	BaCl₂	采出水矿化度/（g/L）
PW1	0	0	0	0	0	0
PW2	30	0.585	7	10	3	50.585
PW3	30	58.500	7	10	3	108.500
PW4	30	119.000	7	10	3	169.000
PW5	30	175.500	7	10	3	225.500

采出水编号	砂岩				灰岩
采出水编号	a	b	c	R²	a	b	c	R²
PW1	1.749	45.41	0.565 4	0.992 0	1.290 0	38.96	0.560 3	0.992 6
PW2	1.558	36.44	0.561 6	0.993 0	1.009 0	26.79	0.539 9	0.993 7
PW3	1.390	28.91	0.558 8	0.994 5	0.827 0	20.56	0.525 7	0.993 7
PW4	1.246	23.74	0.560 9	0.995 8	0.674 5	16.22	0.511 7	0.992 9
PW5	1.135	20.62	0.569 5	0.996 9	0.541 5	11.28	0.508 4	0.992 4

压力/MPa	各矿物组成物质的量/mol
	灰岩		砂岩
	方解石	白云石	绿泥石	伊利石	长石
变化幅度	0.26%~0.77%	-8.17% ~ -5.30%	完全反应	12% ~ 252%	完全反应
初始值	4.150 0	0.407 6	0.047 96	0.089 3	0.422 7
1	4.182 0	0.386 0	0.040 24	0.099 6	0.416 3
3	4.179 8	0.382 6	0.023 31	0.130 2	0.378 0
6	4.176 2	0.378 6	0	0.224 5	0.207 5
8	4.173 4	0.375 9	0	0.306 6	0.018 9
10	4.171 2	0.374 5	0	0.314 8	0
14	4.170 6	0.374 3	0	0.314 8	0
20	4.163 0	0.382 0	0	0.314 8	0
40	4.160 6	0.385 2	0	0.314 8	0

Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection

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Investigation on occurrence states of CO2 storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection

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Investigation on occurrence states of CO₂ storage in formations with gas field produced water reinjection