沁水盆地南部3号煤煤层气稀有气体同位素特征及氦的稀释

doi:10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025.05.021

Abstract

Abstract:

Helium is a crucial strategic resource with very limited reserves, but its enrichment and dilution mechanisms in gas reservoirs remain unclear. Noble gas isotopes play an important role in characterizing the interactions between gas and groundwater. In this study, noble gas compositions and isotopic signatures of coalbed methane (CBM) from the third coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin were analyzed to determine the isotope composition characteristics of noble gas and to establish a helium reservoir formation model. Gas samples were collected from 13 CBM production wells. The results showed that the helium (He) content in CBM was generally one order of magnitude higher than in the atmosphere. The ³He/⁴He ratios were 0.002 9-0.021 8 R_a, with a very low mantle source contribution (0-0.31%). The ²⁰Ne/²²Ne ratios (10.09-10.43) and ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios (0.029 6-0.031 9) were slightly higher than those in the atmosphere, reflecting an excess of ²¹Ne relative to the atmosphere. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios (295.23-779.44) were overall higher than the atmospheric values, suggesting a significant influence of crustal ⁴⁰Ar accumulation over time. The isotopic signatures of krypton (Kr) and xenon (Xe) were similar to those of the atmosphere. Quantitative calculations of helium production revealed an external ⁴He flux into the self-generating and self-preserving CBM system. The linear relationship between ⁴He and ²⁰Ne indicated that helium dissolved in groundwater before degassing into the gas reservoir, while methane desorbed from coal seams diluted helium (as well as neon and argon) in the groundwater-associated gases. Therefore, gas reservoirs with lower grades were more likely to accumulate helium. Helium was mainly distributed in areas with effective helium source rocks, ancient groundwater systems, efficient migration channels, and appropriate hydrocarbon generation intensity, providing a theoretical basis for exploring helium resources in CBM. Rayleigh fractionation, dilution modelling, and gas production quantification showed that the water output per well during gas production was 8.03×10³-1.63×10⁶ m³. CBM exploration affected only the local water around each well, offering a basis for optimizing well spacing design.

Key words: Qinshui Basin, coalbed methane, helium, noble gas isotopes, Rayleigh fractionation

CLC Number:

TE133

XU Dan,ZHANG Cong,JIA Huimin, et al. Noble gas isotopic characteristics and helium dilution of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2025, 15(5): 921-932.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Table 1

Gas composition and carbon-hydrogen isotopes of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin"

样品号	层位	日产水量/m³	日产气量/m³	累计产气量/m³	气体组分含量/%				δ¹³C₁/‰	δ $D C H 4$ /‰
样品号	层位	日产水量/m³	日产气量/m³	累计产气量/m³	N₂	CO₂	C₁	C₂	δ¹³C₁/‰	δ $D C H 4$ /‰
23MCQ-02	山西组	0.01	140		0.13	0.03	99.69	0.10	-32.7	-183.7
23MCQ-03	山西组	0.10	185		0.22	0.05	99.62	0.04	-33.4	-189.0
23MCQ-11	山西组	3.20	663	2 417 819	0.31	0.02	99.63	0.01	-39.8	-200.5
23MCQ-13	山西组	0.40	450	2 675 283	0.48	0.01	99.42	0.01	-38.8	-197.8
23MCQ-17	山西组	1.20	101	261 325	0.19	0.01	99.75	0.02	-34.9	-196.6
23MCQ-20	山西组	1.00	9 429	12 728 142	0.23	0.01	99.72	0.01	-35.5	-182.0
23MCQ-23	山西组	15.00	3 161	4 610 224	0.41	0.03	99.48	0.01	-34.2	-185.3
23MCQ-25	山西组	2.50	4 220	5 638 917	0.24	0.02	99.72	0.00	-32.7	-177.9
23MCQ-28	山西组	5.20	3 188	9 053 788	0.59	0.03	99.31	0.00	-36.9	-181.6
23MCQ-29	山西组	0.01	11 159	17 522 610	0.40	0.03	99.52	0.00	-36.0	-185.1
23MCQ-35	山西组	16.10	6 166	16 528 352	0.40	0.09	99.36	0.02	-31.7	-175.4

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.4

Fig.5

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样品号	稀有气体组分含量
样品号	He/10^-6	Ne/10^-8	Ar/10^-5	Kr/10^-10	Xe/10^-11
23MCQ-02	67.40±4.75	2.30±0.03	1.41±0.01	8.50 ± 0.49	5.30±0.34
23MCQ-03	50.11±0.95	2.66±0.03	1.94±0.02	12.32 ± 0.45	8.94±0.50
23MCQ-11	25.03±1.27	7.44±0.11	15.41±0.15	111.50 ± 4.99	24.86±0.82
23MCQ-13	39.20±0.46	9.50±0.10	19.00±0.19	139.73±10.79	28.28±1.52
23MCQ-17	27.22±0.41	6.46±0.07	6.75±0.07	41.07 ± 0.88	16.07±0.56
23MCQ-20	34.82±2.49	18.87±0.20	17.09±0.17	104.94 ± 3.80	35.18±1.37
23MCQ-23	106.10±7.41	12.81±0.49	14.53±0.15	85.42 ± 2.83	14.11±1.22
23MCQ-25	16.68±0.21	4.41±0.05	10.11±0.10	85.78 ± 4.04	4.25±0.26
23MCQ-28	18.98±0.23	6.07±0.07	25.69±0.26	163.92 ± 5.13	14.51±0.60
23MCQ-29	8.83±0.17	4.32±0.07	16.96±0.17	129.57 ± 4.83	12.96±0.56
23MCQ-35	25.03±0.33	2.27±0.03	4.91±0.05	26.43 ± 0.69	6.71±0.39

样品号	(³He/⁴He)/10^-8	⁴He/²⁰Ne	²⁰Ne/²²Ne	²¹Ne/²²Ne	⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar	³⁸Ar/³⁶Ar
23MCQ-02	1.59±0.72	3 224.67	10.27±0.18	0.031 0±0.001 1	779.44±7.80	0.173 0±0.008 2
23MCQ-03	1.62±0.55	2 069.52	10.34±0.17	0.031 9±0.000 9	651.35±6.52	0.190 7±0.004 3
23MCQ-11	3.05±1.23	370.47	10.19±0.27	0.030 9±0.001 0	295.23±2.96	0.180 3±0.003 3
23MCQ-13	1.51±0.21	454.38	10.13±0.15	0.030 6±0.000 6	295.51±2.96	0.180 3±0.003 4
23MCQ-17	1.68±0.34	463.34	10.33±0.15	0.029 6±0.000 7	325.06±3.25	0.183 6±0.002 7
23MCQ-20	2.54±0.36	202.98	10.32±0.15	0.030 2±0.000 7	317.94±3.18	0.187 4±0.003 5
23MCQ-23	1.68±0.29	912.33	10.13±0.43	0.030 6±0.001 0	305.26±3.05	0.178 6±0.002 7
23MCQ-25	2.24±0.59	416.22	10.18±0.17	0.031 3±0.000 8	306.39±3.07	0.180 1±0.005 3
23MCQ-28	1.62±0.35	344.49	10.09±0.16	0.030 5±0.000 7	295.53±2.96	0.182 5±0.003 0
23MCQ-29	0.79±0.21	224.50	10.43±0.20	0.029 9±0.000 7	298.56±2.99	0.185 9±0.004 8
23MCQ-35	0.40±0.12	1 216.20	10.16±0.16	0.031 0±0.000 7	425.31±4.25	0.184 4±0.002 8

样品	²⁰Ne/10^-8	³⁶Ar/10^-7	²⁰Ne/³⁶Ar	³⁶Ar计算值/10^-7	³⁶Ar计算值/实测值
23MCQ-11	6.76	5.20	0.130	5.893	1.13
23MCQ-13	8.63	6.40	0.135	6.023	0.94
23MCQ-17	5.87	2.07	0.284	9.467	4.58
23MCQ-20	17.16	5.36	0.320	1.018	1.90
23MCQ-23	11.63	4.74	0.245	8.662	1.83
23MCQ-25	4.01	3.29	0.122	8.071	2.46
23MCQ-28	5.51	8.66	0.064	5.743	0.66
23MCQ-29	3.93	5.66	0.069	6.013	1.06
23MCQ-35	2.06	1.15	0.179	7.148	6.20

Noble gas isotopic characteristics and helium dilution of coalbed methane from the third coal seam in southern Qinshui Basin

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深度/m	稀有气体	K_i
450	Ne	89.673
	Ar	30.808
	Kr	17.814
	Xe	11.705
700	Ne	90.571
	Ar	34.189
	Kr	20.428
	Xe	14.057
800	Ne	90.521
	Ar	35.366
	Kr	21.387
	Xe	14.948

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